Write equations similar to Equations 9.48 and 9.49 of the text to illustrate how a mixture of sodium hydrogen phosphate
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Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
- The pH scale is used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. The scale ranges from 0 to 14. A neutral solution,such as pure water, has a pH of 7. An acid solution has a pH less than 7 and an alkaline solution has a pH greater than 7.The lower the pH below 7, the more acidic is the solution. Each whole-number decrease in pH represents a tenfold increase in acidity.The pH of a solution is given by pH = -log x,where x represents the concentration of the hydrogen ions in the solution, in moles per liter.Express answers as powers of 10. a. Normal, unpolluted rain has a pH of about 5.6. What is the hydrogen ion concentration? b. An environmental concern involves the destructive effects of acid rain. The most acidic rainfall ever had a pH of 2.4. What was the hydrogen ion concentration? c. How many times greater is the hydrogen ion concentration of the acidic rainfall in part (b) than the normal rainfall in part (a)?arrow_forwardThe pH scale is used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. The scale ranges from 0 to 14. A neutral solution,such as pure water, has a pH of 7. An acid solution has a pH less than 7 and an alkaline solution has a pH greater than 7.The lower the pH below 7, the more acidic is the solution. Each whole-number decrease in pH represents a tenfold increase in acidity.The pH of a solution is given by pH = -log x,where x represents the concentration of the hydrogen ions in the solution, in moles per liter. a. The figure indicates that lemon juice has a pH of 2.3. What is the hydrogen ion concentration? b. Stomach acid has a pH that ranges from 1 to 3. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of the most acidic stomach? c. How many times greater is the hydrogen ion concentration of the acidic stomach in part (b) than the lemon juice in part (a)?Express answers as powers of 10.arrow_forwardWrite an equation to show that hydroiodic acid , HI , behaves as an acid in water.arrow_forward
- The pH scale is used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. The scale ranges from 0 to 14. A neutral solution, such as pure water, has a pH of 7. An acid solution has a pH less than 7 and an alkaline solution has a pH greater than 7. The lower the pH below 7, the more acidic is the solution. Each whole-number decrease in pH represents a tenfold increase in acidity. The pH of a solution is given by pH = -log x, where x represents the concentration of the hydrogen ions in the solution, in moles per liter. Use the formula to solve.a. The figure indicates that lemon juice has a pH of 2.3. What is the hydrogen ion concentration? b. Stomach acid has a pH that ranges from 1 to 3. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of the most acidic stomach? c. How many times greater is the hydrogen ion concentration of the acidic stomach in part (b) than the lemon juice in part (a)?arrow_forward8 g of potassium chloride is dissolved in a quart of distilled water. Calculate the pH value of the solution 1-kb = 1.4 x 10 * %3D 7.9 O 6.1 O 4.5 8.3arrow_forwardA scientist is comparing two lakes. She finds that water samples from Lake X have a pH of 3.50 and water samples from Lake Y have a pH of 5.50. Therefore, it can be said that Lake X has a hydronium ion concentration that is times greater than Lake Y.arrow_forward
- 8-116 A railroad tank car derails and spills 26 tons of concentrated sulfuric acid (1 ton = 907.185 kg). The acid is 98.0% H2SO4 with a density of 1.836 g/mL. (a) What is the molarity of the acid? (b) Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3 is used to neutralize the acid spill. Determine the kilograms of sodium carbonate required to completely neutralize the acid. (Chapter 4) (c) How many liters of carbon dioxide at 18°C and 745 mm Hg are produced by this reaction? (Chapter 5)arrow_forwardCalculate pH of 0.050 M NaClO, given that the Ka for HClO is 3.0 ×10–8 pH= 5.46 pH= 8.53 pH= 10.11 pH= 12.27arrow_forwardThe substance dimethylamine is a weak nitrogenous base like ammonia.Write a net ionic equation to show how dimethylamine, (CH3)2NH, behaves as a base in water.arrow_forward
- Milk of magnesia is a suspension of magnesium hydroxide in water. Although Mg(OH)2 is relatively insoluble, a small amount does dissolve in the water, which makes the mixture slightly basic and gives it a pH of 10.08. How many grams of Mg(OH)2 are actually dissolved in 4.1 tablespoons of milk of magnesia? g Mg(OH)2arrow_forwardPhosphoric acid, H3PO4(aq), is a triprotic acid, meaning that one molecule of the acid has three acidic protons. Estimate the pH and the concentrations of all species in a 0.400 M phosphoric acid solution. pKa1 pKa2 pKa3 2.16 7.21 12.32 [H3PO4]= M [H+]= M [H2PO4−]= M [OH−]= M [HPO2−4]= M pH= [PO3−4]= Marrow_forwardA chemist dissolves 815. mg of pure barium hydroxide in enough water to make up 110. mL of solution. Calculate the pH of the solution. (The temperature of the solution is 25 °C.) Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. 1 x10 Xarrow_forward
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