Nitroglycerin, one of the most commonly used explosives, has the structure
The decomposition reaction is
The explosive action is the result of the heat released and the large increase in gaseous volume. (a) Calculate the ΔH° for the decomposition of one mole of nitroglycerin using both standard enthalpy of formation values and bond enthalpies. Assume that the two O atoms in the NO2 groups are attached to N with one single bond and one double bond. (b) Calculate the combined volume of the gases at STP. (c) Assuming an initial explosion temperature of 3000 K, estimate the pressure exerted by the gases using the result from (b). (The standard enthalpy of formation of nitroglycerin is −371.1 kJ/mol.)
(a)
Interpretation:
Concept Introduction:
Change in enthalpy in a reaction and enthalpy of formation are related by the formula,
Where,
Answer to Problem 9.142QP
Explanation of Solution
The decomposition reaction is,
Reduce the equation to show the decomposition of one mole of nitroglycerin.
Dividing by 4,
Calculation of
Calculation of
Bonds broken in reactants | Number of bonds broken | Bond enthalpy |
Enthalpy change |
Bonds formed in product | Number of bonds formed | Bond enthalpy |
Enthalpy change |
Using the above data
(b)
Interpretation:
Combined volume of gases in the given reaction has to be calculated at STP.
Concept Introduction:
STP refers to standard temperature and pressure conditions which are
Answer to Problem 9.142QP
Combined volume of gases in the given reaction at STP is calculated as
Explanation of Solution
The decomposition reaction is,
Reduce the equation to show the decomposition of one mole of nitroglycerin.
Dividing by 4,
One mole of nitroglycerin forms
At STP, one mole of ideal gas occupies a volume of
Therefore total volume of gases in the given reaction at STP is calculated as,
(c)
Interpretation:
The pressure exerted by the gases at temperature of
Concept Introduction:
Pressure and temperature are related by ideal gas equation is,
Where,
Answer to Problem 9.142QP
The pressure exerted by the gases at temperature of
Explanation of Solution
Given data:
As we know,
Rewrite the above equation for P,
Substitute the known values.
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Chemistry
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