Cumulative distribution function

that α_k values follow satisfactorily both gamma and lognormal distributions however gamma distribution shows the best fit in most timescales and locations. Therefore, the calculation of third form (RDIst) performed by fitting the gamma probability density function to the given frequency distribution of α_k . The following equations have been used to calculate the standardized RDI (RDIst). The probability function of gamma distribution is defined as: g(x)=1/(β^γ Γ(γ)) x^(γ-1) e^(-x/β), for x>0

structure in x-ray images, and to better detail in photographs that are over or under-exposed. A key advantage of the method is that it is a fairly straightforward technique and an invertible operator. So in theory, if the histogram equalization function is known, then the original histogram can be recovered. The calculation is not computationally intensive. A disadvantage of the method is that it is indiscriminate. It may increase the contrast of background noise, while decreasing the usable signal

reason to address these equations is to clarify the different relations and functions that are used commonly in reliability and maintainability world. In these chapters, some figures and charts have been used to simplify mathematics in reliability and maintainability management field. In chapter four, the principle of maintainability management has been explained in details. Furthermore, this chapter has highlighted the function and organization of maintenance departments and how it is usually being

from given probability distributions. The different steps of this simulation and assumption made are explained below. 1. Simulation for the repair time. It is given that the repair time follows Repair Time (days) Probability 1. .20 2. .45 3. .25 4. .10 ----- 1.00 To generate a random number from the above distribution, we use the following

normal is z or lower} in the Standard Normal Distribution Function Table. utdallas.edu/~metin 10 Using historical A/F ratios to choose a Normal distribution for the demand forecast  Start with an initial forecast generated from hunches, guesses, etc. – O‟Neill‟s initial forecast for the Hammer 3/2 = 3200 units.  Evaluate the A/F ratios of the historical data: A/F ratio  Actual demand Forecast  Set the mean of the normal distribution to Expected actual demand  Expected A/F

. Risk AnalysisEquation Chapter 5 Section 1 Probabilistic risk analysis is becoming more and more important in long-term damage estimation for structure. In 2010, American Society of Civil Engineering (ASCE) defines Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake ground motion maps for the United States by explicitly targeting a probabilistic 1% risk of collapse in 50 years. Risk analysis is used to combine with earthquake-caused death, downtime and repair cost to estimate seismic

to compensate the effects of fading and shadowing. In this paper, error performance of MIMO system is analyzed with orthogonal space time block code (OSTBC) and maximal ratio combining (MRC) techniques over Weibull-gamma (WG) fading channel. WG distribution forms a composite channel model which is used to determine the effects of multipath as well as shadowing. Closed form expressions for symbol error rate (SER) are computed for MIMO systems using OSTBC and MRC in this scenario. Consequently, the

animal. This model represents the spatial distribution of the species observed. Several assumptions are made but two of them are fundamental for this model. First one is that the spatial distribution of the animals across survey sites follows Poisson distribution, and second is the probability of detecting an animal at a site is a function of how many animals are actually at that site. The Poisson distribution represents the mechanism of spatial distribution which is simply how many animals occur

Introduction An optimisation problem consist of trying to find the optimal solution in a set of good solution, finding this optimal solution has a relation with the specific area of research problem, this kind of problem which have two or more objective function to reach are called multiobjective problem, those objectives are usually contradictory each others, the optimisation of this problems enter in Decision making of a huge industrial and research problems. To solve this kind of problems many methods

questions of individual liberties are taken as settled. In the just society, liberty, rights, and fairness are not subject to a utilitarian calculation nor are they susceptible to political bargaining. Reconnecting this interpretation of justice to distribution purely means that the virtue of justice, being concerned with the liberty, rights, and fairness of citizen 's in a society, must consider how the economic opportunities and social conditions affect the citizens in that society. While there may