Aim:
Does adding a Willow solution affect the germination of mustard seeds?
Ho/null hypothesis- The Willow won’t affect the germination of mustard seeds.
Ha/alternative hypothesis- The Willow will affect the germination of the mustard seeds.
Method:
For trial 1: first I used the Willow to make up a solution, I did this by breaking up the Willow and putting it in a pot of water, then boiled it. After the solution was ready, I counted out 200 mustard seeds and placed 100 of them on a tissue and the other 100 on another tissue. Then I used an eye dropper and placed 100 drops of water on one tissue and 100 drops of Willow solution to the other tissue (until the tissue was soaked). After 24 hours I checked the mustards seeds, and counted how many
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After 24 hours, the tissue had mostly dried out, so I added 20 more drops of water to the water tissue and 20 drops of Willow solution to the Willow tissue. I then checked the seeds again after 52 hours.
Results:
The first experiment showed after 24 hours that the tissue with just water, had 89% of the seeds had germinated, and the tissue with Willow solution the seeds germinated at 58%. It was also observed that the seeds that had germinated with the water had also grown more than the germinated seeds in the Willow solution.
Trial 1 Without Willow With Willow
Germination after 24 hours (%) 89% 58%
The second experiment showed that the tissue with water germinated at 90%, where the tissue with the Willow solution germinated at 56%, after 24 hours. The observations at 24 hours for both experiments were very similar. Then, after 52 hours, the seeds from the water tissue had 97% germinated and the seeds from the Willow tissue germinated at 96%. Also, between the first time I checked and the second, the seeds with the Willow solution grew faster and were now mostly longer than the germinated seeds with the water.
Trial 2 Without Willow With Willow
Germination after 24 hours (%) 90% 56%
Germination after 52 hours (%) 97%
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For a seed to germinate, it needs to take in water, the water makes the embyo larger and longer. In seeds there are protein storages, like globulins, and as the seed gets older, more of these protein storages are produced. Slowed germination rate (Trials 1 and 2, before at 24 hours for Willow) may have be caused by the salinity (saltiness), as this can alter the amount of nitrogen in the seed (Miransari, M, 2013). ABA also inhibits germination, and for germination to occur there needs to be a decrease in the amount of ABA during the stage of imbibition (the absorption of solvent by a gel), and phase II. The inhibition of germination caused by ABA, can be reversed by gibberellins and ethylene (Weithrecht, K & Muller, K & Leubner-Metzger, G, 2011). Usually there is not a lot of ABA present in a seed during the early stages, and the amount of ABA increases in the middle stages (Bewley, J, 1997). So the salinity I do not think is likely to have been what caused the decreased germination rate, because if the willow was too salty it’s growth would have been slowed too (which it could have been, I do not know for sure). However, the two plants may require different salinity levels to grow, so that could have affected the germination rate. The germination rate could also have
In the dishes, I dropped the appropriate treatment into the center, where the marks were made. Next, I closed the petri dishes, taped them up, and let them sit at room temperature for a week. Then I opened them up to take two measurements. The first measurement was the number of seeds germinated. The second measurement was to measure the seedling lengths.
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The seeds soaked in the salt solution did not have any change in appearance while the seeds exposed to the vinegar solution generally appeared to become darker in color and shriveled. For the 10% fertilizer solution only one replication produced germination (6 out of the 10 seeds in the petri dish germinated). The seeds that did not germinate for the 10% fertilizer solution appeared darker in color. Seeds exposed to distilled water (control) had germination across every replication group and produced some fairly large sprouts. The 10% soap solution seeds also had germination in every replication group, but the size of the sprouts were not as large as the ones in the control group.
Something that can be concluded from this is that a major change in planting depth does affect seed growth. Another experiment that provided similar results was conducted by J. L. Beveridge and C. P. Wilsie. In the journal article “Influence of Depth of Planting, Seed Size, and Variety on Emergence and Seeding Vigor in Alfalfa”, the writers explain, “Emergence of seedlings of three varieties of alfalfa decreased as depth of seeding was increased.” (Beveridge and Wilsie).
Firstly, for the setup of the experiment, two styrofoam cups were filled with two inches worth of standard, fertilized garden soil, next four seeds from from the garden seed, and the bird seed were placed an inch deep in separate cups. The seeds were blindly labeled, with one being labeled group A and one being labeled group B. This was so as to efficiently conduct a double blind experiment. The seeds were watered with approximately a teaspoon of water per day, and kept in a sunny windowsill. They were left in the windowsill for two weeks, and watered daily.
The results observed do not correspond with the outcome predicted by the hypothesis. Despite the nature of the subjects of the experiments, no substantial growth was observed. Only one seed of the 36 planted germinated, and it could only survive for a period of a week. The one seed that germinated reach a height of 1.2 cm. Table 1 presents the average growth observed in each quad. Each quad had a total of 12 seeds. No seeds were removed during the course of the experiment.
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Take the bowl of water and the paper towels. Submerge your hand in the water, then pat the paper towel with your hand, to dampen the towels before planting but not to the point where the towels are soaked. Do this for each group of seeds soaked in the solutions (5).
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