18. (07.07 HC) Due to its location, Hawaii does not have very many land birds. The Hawaiian honeycreepers are a favorite for many ornithologists. There are over 50 species of honeycreepers that can all be traced back to one ancestor. The level of diversity in an ecosystem can be determined by the frequency of speciation and extinction. (8 points) a. Describe speciation and identify two possible prezygotic barriers of the Hawaiian honeycreepers that contribute to speciation. b. If the Hawaiian honeycreepers became extinct, explain how the newly available niches could lead to speciation.

18. (07.07 HC) Due to its location, Hawaii does not have very many land birds. The Hawaiian honeycreepers are a favorite for many ornithologists. There are over 50 species of honeycreepers that can all be traced back to one ancestor. The level of diversity in an ecosystem can be determined by the frequency of speciation and extinction. (8 points) a. Describe speciation and identify two possible prezygotic barriers of the Hawaiian honeycreepers that contribute to speciation. b. If the Hawaiian honeycreepers became extinct, explain how the newly available niches could lead to speciation.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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which statement is false? 1)In the context of the evolution of senescence, the aphorism "live fast and die young" means that organisms with a more risky behavior will have a shorter life span. 2)Allopatric speciation is a type of speciation process that takes place in different geographic locations.
Below is a cartoon depicting various geological events, starting with one large island (panel 1) and ending with four smaller islands sequentially splitting off from each other (panels 2 to 5). Initially, there was only Species A inhabiting on the big island. However, as time went on, more species evolved on these smaller islands, such that at the current time (panel 5), there are five species. Their phylogenetic relationships are shown on the last panel. 1 2 evelves into species 3 4 velves ite evolres nto A 5. 2 D] A Based on the history depicted, MOST of these speciation events are likely mediated through? the sympatric speciation process the reinforcement process the dispersal and colonization process the vicariance process the hybridization process
1)Of the following species, which of the following is most likely to go extinct? A. Species A- Does not have a lot of genetic variation, can eat a lot of different foods, does not get hunted a lot, and lives on hundreds of miles of coastline B. Species B- Has a lot of genetic variation, can eat a lot of different foods, does get hunted a lot, and lives in most temperate regions C. Species C- Does not have a lot of genetic variation, can eat only one food, does not get hunted a lot, and lives on an island D. Species D- Has a lot of genetic variation, can eat a lot of different foods, does not get hunted a lot, and lives on the entire continent 2) 2)The process that makes the zygospore in molds that has the opposite effect on chromosome number compared to meiosis is __ A. Mitosis B. Budding C. Karyogamy D. Plasmogamy D. Has cellulose in the cell walls
Below is a cartoon depicting various geological events, starting with one large island (panel 1) and ending with four smaller islands sequentially splitting off from each other (panels 2 to 5). Initially, there was only Species A inhabiting on the big island. However, as time went on, more species evolved on these smaller islands, such that at the current time (panel 5), there are five species. Their phylogenetic relationships are shown on the last panel. 1 2 evelves into B specien 3 4 velves D] volres nto A 5. 2 A Based on the history depicted, MOST of these speciation events are likely mediated through? the sympatric speciation process the reinforcement process the dispersal and colonization process the vicariance process the hybridization process
Compare the forms of speciation that are slow to those that occur more rapidly. Make a list of the slow and fast forms. With regard to mechanisms of genetic change, what features do slow and rapid speciation have in common? What features are different?
18) The common edible frog of Europe is a hybrid between two species, Rana lessonae and Rana ridibunda. The hybrids were first described in 1758 and have a wide distribution, from France across central Europe to Russia. Both male and female hybrids exist, but when the hybrids mate with other hybrids or with adults of either species, they are rarely successful in producing offspring. What can you infer from this information? A) Postzygotic isolation exists between the two frog species. B) Prezygotic isolation exists between the two frog species. C) These two species are likely in the process of fusing back into one species. D) The hybrids form a separate species under the biological species concept. 19) There is an island in the middle of a large river that houses a large population of ants. Damming of the river causes the island to flood and only the highest points of the island are now above water. The ants cannot swim, so are now in multiple isolated populations. Which of the…
13) Lake Malawi in Africa is home to about 200 species of allopatrically speciated cichlid fish. However, recent development around the lake is reducing the visabiliy in the lake, and as a result recently diverged species are merging back together. Why? A) Because the geneflow between species has been reduced due to the reduction in visability B) Because those species have not evolved a second reproductive isolation mechanism in addition to sexual selection C) Because the open water habitat is no longer as habitable, so the open water species are now using the bottom habitat D) Because the bottom habitat is no longer habitable, so the bottom habitat species are not using the open water habitat, leading to more hybridization
A. What kind of speciation do we normally associate with members from one population being geographically displaced to a new, smaller population? Geospiza scandens B. What kind of speciation do we normally associate with members of a population that become ecologically, genetically or behaviorally distinct within that population such that they become reproductively isolated?
Vertical 11 1. Involves the formation of new species from pre-existing species. 8 3. Group of organisms that are capable of producing viable and fertile offspring 5. A mechanism that keeps species from mating with other. 7. it means "beside" 13 9. offspring of parents that differ in genetically determined traits. 12 11. Incapable of producing offspring 13. In temporal or seasonal isolation the reproduction is prevented by 10 15 14 Horlzontal 2. The role or the organism in the environment 4. It means "Place" 6. _itself is not only the mechanism of change overtime but it reduce the gene flow 8. Prevents the Fertilization of the eggs 10. An isolation wherein there's a differences in reproductive organs prevent successful Interbreeding. 12. It means "near" 14. Prevents the formation of fertile offspring 15. Formation of new species from the hybridization of 2 different species
Differentiate between allopatric and sympatric speciation. What mechanisms of evolution are most likely in each case to cause divergence?
Describe the two kinds of reproductive isolating mechanisms and explain their role in speciation.
n which situation would it make sense to use the morphological species concept? When you are able to collect data about how individuals in your study use their habitat, but you are unable to determine if they interbreed When working with fossils from extinct organisms When you only have genetic data about each organism in your study When you are not able to collect data about how individuals in your study use their habitat, but you are able to collect reproductive data