A global-positioning anti-theft device installed by one car owner can produce a positive spillover to other citizens in a community. Discuss the impact on the: (v) Market equilibrium level of output (vi) Efficient level of output
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A global-positioning anti-theft device installed by one car owner can produce a positive spillover to other citizens in a community. Discuss the impact on the:
(v)
(vi) Efficient level of output
The externalities refer to the impact on the third party which can be a positive impact or a negative impact according to the situation caused. The people indulge in making a positive impact as they need to protect themselves as well while the industries indulge in a negative impact because they might be earning profits.
- The market equilibrium level of the output will increase as if one car owner installs the device and has a positive spillover on the others then other citizens in the community would also be beneficial in this and will lead to demanding the item. This will increase the demand and the increases demand will meet the increased supply.
- The efficient level of the output will also improve because this level shows the marginal benefit of the company and the firms producing it and the amount of positive externality the citizens of the community get.
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- A global-positioning anti-theft device installed by one car owner can produce a positive spillover to other citizens in a community. Discuss the impact on the: (v) Market equilibrium level of output (vi) Efficient level of outpuA global-positioning anti-theft device installed by one car owner can produce a positive spillover to other citizens in a community. Discuss the impact on the: (1) Market equilibrium level of output (2) Efficient level of outputTable 17-1Imagine a small town in which only two residents, Rochelle and Alec, own wells that produce safe drinking water. Each week Rochelle and Alec work together to decide how many gallons of water to pump. They bring the water to town and sell it at whatever price the market will bear. To keep things simple, suppose that Rochelle and Alec can pump as much water as they want without cost so that the marginal cost of water equals zero. The weekly town demand schedule and total revenue schedule for water is shown in the table below: Quantity(in gallons) Price Total Revenue(and Total Profit) 0 $60 $0 100 55 5,500 200 50 10,000 300 45 13,500 400 40 16,000 500 35 17,500 600 30 18,000 700 25 17,500 800 20 16,000 900 15 13,500 1,000 10 10,000 1,100 5 5,500 1,200 0 0 Refer to Table 17-1. If this market for water were perfectly competitive instead of…
- A global-positioning anti-theft device installed by one car owner can produce a positive spillover to other citizens in a community. Discuss the impact on the: (1) Social cost curve (2) Market equilibrium level of output (3) Efficient level of outputThe term external to the exchange. refers to a market exchange that affects a third party who is outside or a) private costs b) externality c) market failure d) social costsPlease answer part (d) only A steel mill, S, produces 20 tons of water pollution for every 100 tons of steel it produces. The downstream village of Watertown (WT) spends $150 per ton of water pollution from S to eliminate its environmental harm . S is a price taker in an international market where the demand for steel is p = 100 – 3X and the market supply of steel is p = 40 + 3X. X is in units of one (1) million tons per day and p is the price in dollars per ton of steel. S has a daily increasing marginal cost of production function, MC = x. S's Total Cost function = x*x/2 where x is S’s daily output. (a) If S has no legal liability for its pollution, what is S’s daily production of steel? How does your answer here relate to the concept of private efficiency? (b) WT wants to bargain with S to reach an optimal agreement on this pollution. Assuming S is still not legally liable for its pollution and both S and WT do not use lawyers, would there be an agreement? How does yo ur answer here…
- Suppose that a chemical manufacturing plant is releasing nitrogen oxides into the air, and these emissions are associated with health and ecological damages. Economists have estimated the following marginal costs and benefits for the chemical market, where Q is monthly output in thousands of pounds and P is price per pound. MSB = 50 – 0.4Q MSC = 2 + 0.4Q MEB = 0 MEC = 0.2Q. Find the efficient equilibrium, QE and PE.I Price and cost (thousands of dollars per student) 20 16 12 8 0 200 A) 0 students; 400 students B) 600 students; 600 students C) 400 students; 600 students D) 600 students; 400 students E) 400 students; 400 students S = MC MSB MB 400 600 800 1,000 Quantity (students per year) 35) 35) The figure above shows the market for private elementary school education in Chicago. There is no external cost of private elementary education. If the government does not intervene in this market, the equilibrium number of students being privately educated is and the efficient quantity isLecture: Externality - Pigou8. All-Leather is a tanning company located on Lake Michigan in Chicago. Its total cost functionis C(QA) = 125 + 8QA + 5QA2, where QA is leather production per week in thousands of pounds.a) If leather sells for $408 per thousand pounds, how much leather will All-Leather produce?How much profit does All-leather earn?Enjoy is a beverage company located on Lake Michigan near All-Leather in Chicago. Enjoy’sproduction of beverages is negatively affected by water pollution from All-Leather’s productionof leather. Enjoy’s total cost function to produce beverages isC(QE) = 10QE +3QE2 + 3QA2where QE is Enjoy’s weekly production of beverages, in thousandsof gallons and, as above, QA is All-Leather’s weekly production of leather.b) Is this an example of a pecuniary externality or a real externality? Explain.c) What is the extra cost to Enjoy from an additional thousand tons of leather production by AllLeather (i.e., the external marginal cost of an extra unit of QA…
- (1) Explain the Determinants of Demand and Supply integrating outside source examples.Scenario DC street band, Spread Love, plays regularly on the corner of 15th St. and New York Ave, situated nicely in the heart of DC’s tourist district, near Lafayette Square and the White House. Employees in the nearby offices complain that the band is a nuisance and the noise distracts them from their work. Some offices and conference rooms in the buildings have been rendered unusable due to the noise. Employees have been forced to work wearing headphones or have brought in white-noise machines to drown out the music. The nearby law firm contacted the Secret Service and the DC police. However, the police determined that the band’s performances were legal. Question Are the street musicians imposing a negative or positive externality on the law firm and other employees in the area? To people and tourists walking by? To any other group not mentioned here? Economic theory suggests that in a private market, public goods will be under-produced. Does street music satisfy the characteristics…A power plant releases an unpleasant odor into the local environment. This market is perfectly competitive, and the plant does not consider the damages imposed on local citizens in terms of lower air quality. The market can be characterized by the following equations: MPB = 800 - 0.5Q MPC = 80 + 0.3Q MEC = 0.4 Q a) Find the competitive equilibrium price and quantity, Qc and Pc. b) Find the socially optimal (or efficient) price and quantity, Qe and Pe. c) Provide a geographical depiction of the competitive and socially optimal solutions. Make sure you label the graph focusing on the following items: units of each axis, labels of curves (MPC, MPB, MSB, MSC), competitive equilibrium price and quantity, and socially optimal price and quantity. d) Analytically derive the social welfare gains from internalizing the externality AND illustrate this welfare gain on the figure you created in part (c). e) Suppose the plant owns the property rights to local air and it is…
