Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The species, which have stronger bonds between,
Concept Introduction:
Bond energy:
The bond order is the number of electrons pairs shared between two atoms in the formation of the bond. The amount of energy required to break a bond is called
Bond order
Where,
(a)
Answer to Problem 10.94QE
The bond in fluorine molecule is stronger than the
Explanation of Solution
The molecular electronic configuration of fluorine molecule is,
The number of electrons in the bonding orbital=10
The number of electrons in the antibonding orbital=8
Bond order of fluorine molecule can be calculated as,
Bond order
The molecular electronic configurations of
The number of electrons in the bonding orbital is ten.
The number of electrons in the antibonding orbital is nine.
Bond order of
Bond order
The bond order of
(b)
Interpretation:
The species that have stronger bonds between
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(b)
Answer to Problem 10.94QE
The bond in
Explanation of Solution
The molecular configuration of
There are ten electrons in bonding orbital and seven electrons antibonding orbitals.
Bond order of
The molecular configuration of
Bond order of
Bond order of
The bond order of the
(c)
Interpretation:
The species, which have stronger bonds between,
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(c)
Answer to Problem 10.94QE
The bond in
Explanation of Solution
The
The electronic configuration of
The molecular electronic configuration of
There are six electrons in bonding and four electrons in antibonding orbitals.
The molecular electronic configuration of
The number of electrons in the bonding orbital is six and the number of electrons in antibonding orbital is 4.
Bond order
The bond order of the
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 10 Solutions
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
- It is possible to write a simple Lewis structure for the SO42- ion, involving only single bonds, which follows the octet rule. However, Linus Pauling and others have suggested an alternative structure, involving double bonds, in which the sulfur atom is surrounded by six electron pairs. (a) Draw the two Lewis structures. (b) What geometries are predicted for the two structures? (c) What is the hybridization of sulfur in each case? (d) What are the formal charges of the atoms in the two structures?arrow_forwardIn each of the following molecules, a central atom is surrounded by a total of three atoms or unshared electron pairs: SnCl2, BCl3, SO2. In which of these molecules would you expect the bond angle to be less than 120? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forward2. Consider the following molecules or ions: CIOF5, NOBr, NH2F, and XeO2F3+. Answer the following questions based on the Lewis structures and VSEPR theory prediction of their molecular shapes. (a) Which one has only bond angles of 109.5°? (b) Which one has only bond angles of 120°? (c) Which one has bond angles of 90 and 180°? (d) Which one has bond angles of 90, 120, and 180°?arrow_forward
- (a) Methane (CH4) and the perchlorate ion (ClO4- ) are bothdescribed as tetrahedral. What does this indicate about theirbond angles? (b) The NH3 molecule is trigonal pyramidal, while BF3 is trigonal planar. Which of these molecules is flat?arrow_forwardWhich of the following molecules does not have a dipole moment? (a) CH3Cl (b) CH2Cl2 (c) CFCl3 (d) CHCl3arrow_forwardButadiene, C4H6, is a planar molecule that has the followingcarbon–carbon bond lengths: (a) Predict the bond angles around each of the carbon atoms and sketch the molecule. (b) From left to right, what is the hybridization of each carbon atom in butadiene? (c) The middle C—C bond length in butadiene (1.48 Å) is a little shorter than the average C—C single bond length (1.54 Å). Does this imply that the middle C—C bond in butadiene is weaker or stronger than the average C—C single bond? (d) Based on your answer for part (c), discuss what additional aspects of bonding in butadiene might support the shorter middle C—C bond.arrow_forward
- Which molecule in each pair has the greater dipole moment?Give the reason for your choice.(a) ClO2 or SO2 (b) HBr or HCl(c) BeCl2 or SCl2 (d) AsF3 or AsF5arrow_forwardFormic acid (HCOOH; structural formula shown below) is secreted by certain species of ants when they bite. Rank the relative strengths of (a) the C-O and C=O bonds and (b) the H¬C and H¬O bonds. Explain these rankings.arrow_forwarda) Methane 1CH42 and the perchlorate ion 1ClO4- 2 are both described as tetrahedral. What does this indicate about their bond angles? (b) The NH3 molecule is trigonal pyramidal, while BF3 is trigonal planar. Which of these molecules is flat?arrow_forward
- Sodium azide is a shock-sensitive compound that releases N2upon physical impact. The compound is used in automobileairbags. The azide ion is N3-. (a) Draw the Lewis structure of theazide ion that minimizes formal charge (it does not form a triangle).Is it linear or bent? (b) State the hybridization of the centralN atom in the azide ion. (c) How many σ bonds and how manyπ bonds does the central nitrogen atom make in the azide ion?arrow_forward2(a) Provide the Lewis structures for both CH3OH and C2H3Cl. 2(b) What is the largest bond angle among all the bond angles in CH3OH and C2H3Cl? Listthe three atoms making this largest bond angle, and estimate the value of the angle.2(c) What intermolecular forces are present(i) between CH3OH molecules?(ii) between C2H3Cl molecules?arrow_forward7. Nitrogen is the central atom in each of the species given. (a) Draw the Lewis electron-dot structure for each of the species. + NO₂ NO₂ NO₂ (b) List the species in order of increasing bond angle. Justify your answer. (c) For NO₂ and NO₂, give the hybridization of the nitrogen atom in it. (d) Identify the only one of the species that dimerizes and explain what causes it to do so.arrow_forward
- Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning