Concept explainers
Another set of reactions that fuses hydrogen into helium in the Sun and especially in hotter stars is called die CNO cycle:
This process is a “cycle” because
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 10 Solutions
University Physics Volume 3
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
College Physics
Physics: Principles with Applications
Conceptual Physics (12th Edition)
Lecture- Tutorials for Introductory Astronomy
Sears And Zemansky's University Physics With Modern Physics
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Edition)
- Another set of reactions that result in the fusing ofhydrogen into helium in the Sun and especially in hotter starsis called the carbon cycle. It is12C + 1H → 13N + γ,13N → 13C + e+ + ve,13C + 1H → 14N + γ,14N + 1H → 15O + γ,15O → 15N + e+ + ve,15N + 1H → 12C + 4He.Write down the overall effect of the carbon cycle (as wasdone for the proton-proton cycle in2e− + 41H → 4 He + 2ve + 6γ ). Note the number of protons ( 1H ) required and assume that the positrons ( e+ ) annihilate electrons to form more γ rays.arrow_forwardA "mad" scientist attempts to take a sample of Mercury-199 and bombard it with neutrons. The reaction creates a proton and Gold-199. His joy is short-lived when in a few days the radioactive Gold-199 reverts back to Mercury-199 emitting a single particle. What is the emitted particle? 199 79 O O → 199 80Hg+? a beta (-) particle ß- a proton; H+ an alpha particle; a a neutron; nºarrow_forwardScientists can determine the age of ancient objects by the method of radiocarbon dating. The bombardment of the upper atmosphere by cosmic rays converts nitrogen to a radioactive isotope of carbon, 14C, with a half-life of about 5730 years. Vegetation absorbs carbon dioxide through the atmosphere and animal life assimilates ¹4C through food chains. When a plant or animal dies, it stops replacing its carbon and the amount of 14C begins to decrease through radioactive decay. Therefore the level of radioactivity must also decay exponentially. A parchment fragment was discovered that had about 75% as much 14C radioactivity as does plant material on earth today. Estimate the age of the parchment. (Round your answer to the nearest whole number.) yr Need Help? Watch It Additional Materials THERarrow_forward
- An Erbium-166 nucleus contains 68 protons. The atomic mass of a neutral Erbium-166 atom is 165.930u, where u = 931.5 MeV/c². In this question you may use that the mass of a proton is 938.27 MeV/c², the mass of a neutron is 939.57 MeV/e² and the mass of an electron is 0.511 MeV/c². i. Calculate the nuclear binding energy per nucleon, giving your answer in units of MeV. ii. Electrons with an energy of 0.5 GeV are scattered off the nucleus. Estimate the scattering angle of the first minimum in the resulting diffraction pattern. iii. Briefly comment on whether or not you expect this nucleus to be spherical, and what consequence this has for excited states of the nucleus in the collective model.arrow_forward41 O A star converts all its hydrogen to helium, achieving a 100% helium composition. Next it converts the helium to carbon via the triple-alpha process, "He + He + He → 12C + 7.27 MeV. The mass of the star is 4.6 x 102 kg, and it generates energy at the rate of 5.3 x 1030 W. How long will it take to convert all the helium to carbon at this rate?arrow_forwardIdentify the conserved quantities in the following processes. A° + u- + v. (c) K- + p → £° +n (a) E- (b) Kg → 27° (d) 2° → A° + y (e) et + e- -→ µt + µ (f) p +n → A + E- (g) Which reactions cannot occur? Why not?arrow_forward
- Question 1 Calculate the binding energy for 0.064 mole of He (4.00150 amu) in kJ. Question 2 Calculate the binding energy for 0.022 mole of 10Be (10.01019 amu) in kJ. Question 3 Calculate the binding energy for 0.029 mole of 12C (11.99671 amu) in kJ.arrow_forwardNuclear Fission: 1. n+ 2U → ? + 3gSr + 2n 2. n+ 235U → 1I 137 + 33Y+ ?narrow_forwardThe isotope iron-56 has a nuclear mass of 55.9349375 u. Calculate the binding energy of iron-56 using the following information: Mass of Proton: 1.007825 u, Mass of Neutron: 1.008665 u, 1 u = 931.5 MeV a 3.274 eV b 6.153 eV c 8.790 eV d 9.624 eVarrow_forward
- The indium isotope 115/49 I n captures an electron and becomes the cadmium isotope 115/48 C d, as shown in the nuclear reaction below. 115/49 I n + ? ⟶ 115/48 C d What kind of particle is emitted in this decay, as denoted by the question mark?arrow_forwardQuestion 12 of 22 Calculate the mass defect of Nitrogen (A = 14, Z = 7). The atomic mass of Nitrogen is 14.00307 u. (Note: The mass of a hydrogen atom is mH = 1.007825 u, and the mass of the neutron is mN = 1.008665 u.) 00 1.21 u 0.53 u 0.25 u 0.11 u zeroarrow_forward14C → 14N + e Carbon dating is used to find the age of ancient objects. With 14C beta decay: 14N has a mass of 14u, and recoil speed of 1,600 m/s. Find the speed of the emitted electron.arrow_forward
- Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...PhysicsISBN:9781337553292Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningModern PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781111794378Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. MoyerPublisher:Cengage Learning