University Physics Volume 3
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168185
Author: William Moebs, Jeff Sanny
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 10, Problem 67P
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Find the radiation dose in Gy for: (a) A 10-mSv fluoroscopic x-ray series. (b) 50 mSv of skin exposure by an α emitter. (c) 160 mSv of β– and γ rays from the 40K in your body.
QUESTION ONEA. Calculate the radiation dose in rem per year (365 days) for the lungs of a weaponsplant employee who inhales and retains an activity of 1.0 µCi Plutonium-239 in anaccident. The mass of the affected lung tissue is 2.0 kg and the Plutonium decaysby emission of a 5.23-MeV alpha particle. Assume a RBE value of 20. B. Francium-223 has a half-life of 21.80 min.i. How many nuclei are initially present in a 25.0-mg sample of Francium-223?ii. What is its initial activity? iii. How many nuclei will be present 1hr and 49 min later?C. A 5.5-kW water heater operates at 240 V.i. Should the heater circuit have a 20A or a 30A circuit breaker?ii. Assuming 85% efficiency, how long will the heater take to heat the water ina 0.2085-m3 tank from 20°C to 80°C? The density of water is 1,000 kg/m3and the specific heat capacity is 4,200 J/kg/°C. D. When ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 400.0 nm falls on a certain metalsurface, the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons is measured…
One half the γ rays from 99m Tc are absorbed by a0.170-mm-thick lead shielding. Half of the γ rays that passthrough the first layer of lead are absorbed in a second layerof equal thickness. What thickness of lead will absorb all butone in 1000 of these γ rays?
Chapter 10 Solutions
University Physics Volume 3
Ch. 10 - Check Your Understanding Nucleus X is two times...Ch. 10 - Check Your Understanding If the binding energy per...Ch. 10 - Check Your Understanding A radioactive nuclide has...Ch. 10 - Check Your Understanding In radioactive beta...Ch. 10 - Check Your Understanding Which has a larger energy...Ch. 10 - Check Your Understanding Where does the energy...Ch. 10 - Check Your Understanding Radiation propagates in...Ch. 10 - Define and make clear distinctions between the...Ch. 10 - What are isotopes? Why do isotopes of the same...Ch. 10 - Explain why a bound system should have less mass...
Ch. 10 - Why is the number of neutrons greater than the...Ch. 10 - To obtain the most precise value of the binding...Ch. 10 - How is the initial activity rate of a radioactive...Ch. 10 - For the carbon dating described in this chapter,...Ch. 10 - What is the key difference and the key similarity...Ch. 10 - What is the difference between rays and...Ch. 10 - What characteristics of radioactivity show it to...Ch. 10 - Consider Figure 10.12. If the magnetic field is...Ch. 10 - Why is Earth’s core molten?Ch. 10 - Should an atomic bomb really be called nuclear...Ch. 10 - Why does a chain reaction occur dining a fission...Ch. 10 - In what way is ail atomic nucleus like a liquid...Ch. 10 - Explain the difference between nuclear fission and...Ch. 10 - Why does the fusion of light nuclei into heavier...Ch. 10 - IB. Wliv is a PET scan more accurate than a SPECT...Ch. 10 - Isotopes that emit a radiation are relatively safe...Ch. 10 - Ionizing radiation can impair the ability of a...Ch. 10 - Find the atomic numbers, mass numbers, and neutron...Ch. 10 - Silver has two stable isotopes. The nucleus,...Ch. 10 - The mass (M) and the radius (r) of a nucleus can...Ch. 10 - A particle has a mass equal to 10 u. If this mass...Ch. 10 - Find the length of a side of a cube having a mass...Ch. 10 - The detail that you can observe using a probe is...Ch. 10 - How much energy would be released if six hydrogen...Ch. 10 - Find the mass defect and the binding energy for...Ch. 10 - 56 Fe is among the most tightly bound of all...Ch. 10 - is the heaviest stable nuclide, and its BEN is low...Ch. 10 - (a) Calculate BEN for 235U, the rarer of the two...Ch. 10 - The fact that BEN peaks at roughly A = 60 implies...Ch. 10 - A sample of radioactive material is obtained from...Ch. 10 - Show that: T=1.Ch. 10 - The half-life of strondum-91, 3891Sris 9.70 h....Ch. 10 - A sample of pure carbon-14 ( T1/2=5730y ) has an...Ch. 10 - A radioactive sample initially contains 2.40102...Ch. 10 - An old campfire is uncovered during an...Ch. 10 - Calculate the activity R , in curies of 1.00 g of...Ch. 10 - Natural uranium consists of 235U(percent abundance...Ch. 10 - World War II aircraft bad instruments with glowing...Ch. 10 - , The 210Po source used in a physics laboratory is...Ch. 10 - Armor-piercing shells with depleted uranium cores...Ch. 10 - undergoes alpha decay, (a) Write the reaction...Ch. 10 - (a) Calculate the energy released in the a decay...Ch. 10 - The particles emitted in the decay of 3H (tritium)...Ch. 10 - (a) Write the complete decay equation for 90Sr, a...Ch. 10 - Write a nuclear decay reaction that produces the...Ch. 10 - Write the complete decay equation in the complete...Ch. 10 - If a 1.50-cm-thick piece of lead can absorb 90.0%...Ch. 10 - An electron can interact with a nucleus through...Ch. 10 - (a) Write the complete reaction equation for...Ch. 10 - A rare decay mode has been observed in which...Ch. 10 - A large power reactor that has been in operation...Ch. 10 - (a) Calculate the energy released in the neutron-...Ch. 10 - (a) Calculate the energy released in the neutron-...Ch. 10 - The electrical power output of a large nuclear...Ch. 10 - Find the total energy released if 1.00 kg of...Ch. 10 - Verify that the total number of nucleons, and...Ch. 10 - Calculate the energy output in each of the fusion...Ch. 10 - Show that the total energy released in the proton-...Ch. 10 - Two fusion reactions mentioned in the text are...Ch. 10 - The power output of the Sun is 41026 W. (a) If 90%...Ch. 10 - Another set of reactions that fuses hydrogen into...Ch. 10 - (a) Calculate the energy released by the fusion of...Ch. 10 - What is the dose in mSv for: (a) a 0.1-Gy X-ray?...Ch. 10 - Find the radiation dose in Gy for: (a) A 10-mSv...Ch. 10 - Find the mass of 239Puthat has an activity of...Ch. 10 - In the 19805, the term picowave was used to...Ch. 10 - What is the dose in Sv in a cancer treatment that...Ch. 10 - One half the rays from 99mTcare absorbed by a...Ch. 10 - How many Gy of exposure is needed to give a...Ch. 10 - A plumber at a nuclear power plant receives a...Ch. 10 - Calculate the dose in rem/y for the lungs of a...Ch. 10 - The wiki-phony site states that the atomic mass of...Ch. 10 - A particle physicist discovers a neutral particle...Ch. 10 - A nuclear physicist finds 1.0of 236Uin a piece of...Ch. 10 - A group of scientists use carbon dating to date a...Ch. 10 - According to your lab partner, a 2.00-cm-thick...Ch. 10 - In the science section of the newspaper, an...Ch. 10 - The ceramic glaze on a red-orange “Fiestaware”...Ch. 10 - Large amounts of depleted uranium (238U)are...Ch. 10 - A piece of wood from an ancient Egyptian tomb is...Ch. 10 - This problem demonstrates that the binding energy...Ch. 10 - The Galileo space probe was launched on its long...Ch. 10 - Find the energy emitted in the decay of 60Co .Ch. 10 - Engineers are frequently called on to inspect and,...Ch. 10 - If two nuclei are to fuse in a nuclear reaction,...Ch. 10 - For the reaction, sw n+3He4He+ , find the amount...Ch. 10 - Engineers are frequently called on to inspect and,...
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- What is the dose in mSv for: (a) a 0.1 Gy xray? (b) 2.5 mGy of neutron exposure to the eye? (c) 1.5 mGy of exposure?arrow_forwardFind the radiation dose in Gy for: (a) A 10mSv fluoroscopic xray series. (b) 50 mSv of skin exposure by an emitter. (c) 160 mSv of and rays from the 40K in your body.arrow_forwardData from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. Show that the activity of the 14C in 1.00 g of 12C found in living tissue is 0.250 Bq.arrow_forward
- A beam of 168MeV nitrogen nuclei is used for cancer therapy. If this beam is directed onto a 0.200kg tumor and gives it a 2.00Sv dose, how many nitrogen nuclei were stopped? (Use an RBE of 20 for heavy ions.)arrow_forwardWhat is the dose in mSv for: (a) a 0.1-Gy X-ray? (b) 2.5 mGy of neutron exposure to the eye? (c) 1.5m Gy of a exposure?arrow_forwardHow many Gy of exposure is needed to give a cancerous tumor a dose of 40 Sv if it is exposed to acfivity?arrow_forward
- What time interval elapses while 90.0% of the radioactivity of a sample of 3372As disappears as measured by its activity? The half-life of 3372As is 26 h.arrow_forwardDuring a 2-h period of radiation therapy, alpha radiation is deposited into a patient's body at a rate of 3.3 x 10-8 J/s. What effective dose does the 59-kg patient receive? (Units: mSv) Use the following table of RBEs. Radiation type RBE X-rays 1 Gamma rays 1 Electrons 1 Protons 2 Alpha particles 20arrow_forwardQ.4. (b) The linear absorption coefficient of lead for 1.0 MeV gamma rays is 74 m¹. Calculate the half value Thickness and Thickness of lead to reduce the GO intensity of gamma rays to of its original value. 100 (log 2 = 0.693 and log 10 = 2.30) -|arrow_forward
- In a certain town, the average yearly background radiation consists of 27.7 mrad of X-rays and γ rays plus 2.50 mrad of particles having a QF of 8.09. How many mrem will a person receive per year on the average?arrow_forwardA 70-kg person experiences a whole-body exposure to alpha radiation(RBE=15) with energy 4.77 MeV. A total of 6.25×1012 alpha particles areabsorbed.i. If all the alpha particles produced are absorbed, what time is requiredfor this dose to be delivered?arrow_forward
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