(a)
Interpretation:
To predict the product of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of given ester.
Concept Introduction:
An acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the ester is a much faster reaction as compared to uncatalyzed hydrolysis of the ester. The addition of acid promotes the protonation of oxygen atom in the carbonyl group and as it is a fact that an oxygen atom with positive charge has more electron withdrawing tendency than neutral atom. The more withdrawal of electron density of oxygen atom decreases the electron density from the carbonyl carbon and make it more susceptible for the attack of the nucleophile. The acid catalyzed reaction mechanism is written as,
Therefore, products obtained by the acid catalyzed ester hydrolysis are the
(b)
Interpretation:
To predict the product of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of given ester.
Concept introduction:
An acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the ester is a much faster reaction as compared to uncatalyzed hydrolysis of the ester. The addition of acid promotes the protonation of oxygen atom in the carbonyl group and as it is a fact that an oxygen atom with positive charge has more electron withdrawing tendency than neutral atom. The more withdrawal of electron density of oxygen atom decreases the electron density from the carbonyl carbon and make it more susceptible for the attack of the nucleophile. The acid catalyzed reaction mechanism is written as,
Therefore, products obtained by the acid catalyzed ester hydrolysis are the carboxylic acid and an alcohol by which ester was formed.
(c)
Interpretation:
To predict the product of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of given ester.
Concept Introduction:
An acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the ester is a much faster reaction as compared to uncatalyzed hydrolysis of the ester. The addition of acid promotes the protonation of oxygen atom in the carbonyl group and as it is a fact that an oxygen atom with positive charge has more electron withdrawing tendency than neutral atom. The more withdrawal of electron density of oxygen atom decreases the electron density from the carbonyl carbon and make it more susceptible for the attack of the nucleophile. The acid catalyzed reaction mechanism is written as,
Therefore, products obtained by the acid catalyzed ester hydrolysis are the carboxylic acid and an alcohol by which ester was formed.
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Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
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- What explains why many aldehydes and ketones can undergo self-condensation reactions in basic conditions? The alpha carbon can lose a proton and act like a nucleophile and the carbonyl carbon is an electrophile. The alpha carbon can gain a proton and act like an electrophile and the carbonyl carbon is a nucleophile. The oxygen of the carbonyl group can attack the carbon of the carbonyl group. Only esters can undergo self-condensation reactions.arrow_forwardGive the reagents and intermediate products for the following two-step reaction.arrow_forwardName the carbonyl compound that would be formed by the complete acidic hydrolysis of the following hemiacetal/hemiketal or acetal/ketal: OH OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH3arrow_forward
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