Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The differences in the IR spectra of the reactant and product that would enable you to tell that the given reaction has taken place are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The frequencies of the stretching vibrations are estimated from the type of bond and the frequency range given for that bond. Also, the frequency range for the given type of bond is identified by the
Answer to Problem 15.41P
An OH stretch with stretching frequency
Explanation of Solution
The given reaction is
In the above reaction, the OH group, that is the alcohol functional group, is present in the reactant, and C=C bond of
The differences in the IR spectra that would enable to tell that the given reaction has taken place are determined on the basis of bonds and the functional groups present in the reactant and the product.
(b)
Interpretation:
The differences in the IR spectra of the reactant and product that would enable you to tell that the given reaction has taken place are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The frequencies of the stretching vibrations are estimated from the type of bond and the frequency range given for that bond. Also, frequency range for the given type of bond is identified by the functional group to which that bond resembles in the molecule.
Answer to Problem 15.41P
A very broad OH stretch having stretching frequency
Explanation of Solution
The given reaction is
The
The differences in the IR spectra that would enable to tell that the given reaction has taken place are determined on the basis of bonds and the functional groups present in the reactant and the product.
(c)
Interpretation:
The differences in the IR spectra of the reactant and product that would enable you to tell that the given reaction has taken place are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The frequencies of the stretching vibrations are estimated from the type of bond and the frequency range given for that bond. Also, frequency range for the given type of bond is identified by the functional group to which that bond resembles in the molecule.
Answer to Problem 15.41P
Two
Explanation of Solution
The given reaction is,
Two
The differences in the IR spectra that would enable to tell that the given reaction has taken place are determined on the basis of bonds and the functional groups present in the reactant and the product.
(d)
Interpretation:
The differences in the IR spectra of the reactant and product that would enable you to tell that the given reaction has taken place are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The frequencies of the stretching vibrations are estimated from the type of bond and the frequency range given for that bond. Also, frequency range for the given type of bond is identified by the functional group to which that bond resembles in the molecule.
Answer to Problem 15.41P
The single N-H band having stretching frequency
Explanation of Solution
The given reaction is
The single N-H band having stretching frequency
The differences in the IR spectra that would enable to tell that the given reaction has taken place are determined on the basis of bonds and the functional groups present in the reactant and the product.
(e)
Interpretation:
The differences in the IR spectra of the reactant and product that would enable you to tell that the given reaction has taken place are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The frequencies of the stretching vibrations are estimated from the type of bond and the frequency range given for that bond. Also, frequency range for the given type of bond is identified by the functional group to which that bond resembles in the molecule.
Answer to Problem 15.41P
The
Explanation of Solution
The given reaction is
The epoxide having ether functional group would disappear from the reactant, and an OH band having stretching frequency
The differences in the IR spectra that would enable to tell that the given reaction has taken place are determined on the basis of bonds and the functional groups present in the reactant and the product.
(f)
Interpretation:
The differences in the IR spectra of the reactant and product that would enable you to tell that the given reaction has taken place are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The frequencies of the stretching vibrations are estimated from the type of bond and the frequency range given for that bond. Also, frequency range for the given type of bond is identified by the functional group to which that bond resembles in the molecule.
Answer to Problem 15.41P
The
Explanation of Solution
The given reaction is
In the above reaction, the
The differences in the IR spectra that would enable to tell that the given reaction has taken place are determined on the basis of bonds and the functional groups present in the reactant and the product.
(g)
Interpretation:
The differences in the IR spectra of the reactant and product that would enable you to tell that the given reaction has taken place are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The frequencies of the stretching vibrations are estimated from the type of bond and the frequency range given for that bond. Also, frequency range for the given type of bond is identified by the functional group to which that bond resembles in the molecule.
Answer to Problem 15.41P
The
Explanation of Solution
The given reaction is
The
The differences in the IR spectra that would enable to tell that the given reaction has taken place are determined on the basis of bonds and the functional groups present in the reactant and the product.
(h)
Interpretation:
The differences in the IR spectra of the reactant and product that would enable you to tell that the given reaction has taken place are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The frequencies of the stretching vibrations are estimated from the type of bond and the frequency range given for that bond. Also, frequency range for the given type of bond is identified by the functional group to which that bond resembles in the molecule.
Answer to Problem 15.41P
The strong
Explanation of Solution
The given reaction is
The strong
The differences in the IR spectra that would enable to tell that the given reaction has taken place are determined on the basis of bonds and the functional groups present in the reactant and the product.
(i)
Interpretation:
The differences in the IR spectra of the reactant and product that would enable you to tell that the given reaction has taken place are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The frequencies of the stretching vibrations are estimated from the type of bond and the frequency range given for that bond. Also, frequency range for the given type of bond is identified by the functional group to which that bond resembles in the molecule.
Answer to Problem 15.41P
The
Explanation of Solution
The given reaction is
The reactant is conjugated ketone in the above reaction. The alcohol and alkene functional groups are present in the product. The
The differences in the IR spectra that would enable to tell that the given reaction has taken place are determined on the basis of bonds and the functional groups present in the reactant and the product.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 15 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
- take a look at this reaction (first image) The second image shows the 1H NMR spectrum of the compound that was isolated as only product of this reaction: How you can use the 1H NMR spectrum to establish if Product A or Product B was formed in this reaction? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardAn oxidation reaction was conducted using cyclohexanol and NaOCl to make cyclohexanone. How can we know that the NMR for cyclohexanone is in fact cyclohexanone( the NMR for cyclohexanone is not labeled). Analyze the spectra to prove its identity along with the NMR of the starting material which is the spectra labeled cyclohexanol below.arrow_forwardAn oxidation reaction was conducted using cyclohexanol and NaOCl to make cyclohexanone. How can we know that the IR spectra for cyclohexanone is in fact cyclohexanone apart from the title. Analyze and annotate the IR spectra to prove its identity.arrow_forward
- Take a look at the reaction in the first image that give two products A and B The second picture shows the DEPT 90 (TOP) and DEPT 135 (BOTTOM) of the compound that was isolated as only product of this reaction: In both spectra there are 7 signals between 120 and 140 ppm. How can you use these DEPT spectra to establish if product A or product B was formed in this reaction? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardIn the box provided, write the IR frequency or range of frequencies that would best distinguish between the two compounds shown. Specify which compound (A or B) will display a band at this frequency in its IR spectrum. Bond O-H (alcohol) O-H (carboxylic acid) N-H Stretching frequency (cm-¹) 3200-3650 2500-3300 3100-3550 2850-3000 3000-3100 C-H (alkane) C-H (alkene) C-H (alkyne) C=C 2100-2250 C=C 1600-1680 C=O (aldehyde/ketone) 1630-1820 C=O (ester) 1735-1800 1700-1725 C=O (carboxylic acid) C-O 1000-1250 A 3300 B OH Intensity Medium, broad Strong, broad Medium Medium Medium to strong Weak to medium Weak Weak to medium Strong Strong Strong Strong (Choose the most prominent frequency. Do not include units in your answer. Use only the frequencies listed above. If there is more than one correct answer, only give one.) Write the letter of the compound, followed by the range of frequencies, separated by a comma. Example. "A,1600-1850". IR frequency or range of frequencies: cm-1 Previous Nextarrow_forward10) Which type of spectroscopy would be best/easiest to distinguish between these two compoundsarrow_forward
- Based on the spectra you located, does your molecule have a carbonyl? If so, what functional group is it a part of (carboxylic acid, ketone, aldehyde, ester, amide) and what is the frequency (in wavenumbers) of the absorption peak? If not, what is the approximate frequency range for a carbonyl? Does your molecule have either an –O-H or –N-H bond? If so, what functional group is it a part of (carboxylic acid, alcohol, amine, amide) and what is the frequency (in wavenumbers) of the absorption peak? If not, what are the approximate frequency ranges for an –O-H and an –N-H bond? Does your molecule have either an alkyne or nitrile functional group? If so, which functional group is it and what is the frequency (in wavenumbers) of the absorption peak? If not, what is the approximate frequency range for a triple bond?arrow_forwardWhich of these molecules best corresponds to IR spectrum shown. and whyarrow_forwardWhich column gives greater resolution between compound X and compound Y? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- 9) What would be the difference between the 4 alcohols in IR? They all show O-H, C-H sp3, and C-H aromatic bonds. The only way to tell which one is used would be by comparing the fingerprint regions to published IR spectra of each alcohol. Alcohol 2 has an aldehyde C-H group that could be seen between 2700-2800 and 2800-2900 cm-1 Only alcohol 3 will show O-H bond around 3300 cm-1 Only alcohol 1 will show C=C aromatic bonds around 1600 cm-1 10) Assuming 5.0 mL of alcohol 2 was used and 2.2 g of the product was isolated, what is the percent yield for this reaction? The product has a molar mass of 198.00 g/mol. 11) How could the percent yield be increased for this reaction? Add NaOH to neutralize the product as it forms Add a catalyst such as H2SO4 to help speed up the reaction Add a catalyst such as HCl to help speed up the reaction Cool the reaction on ice to increase the rate of reaction 12) Is there another way that the product of this reaction…arrow_forwardMorphine, heroin, and oxycodone are three addicting analgesic narcotics. How could IR spectroscopy be used to distinguish these three compounds from each other?arrow_forwardWhen compounds are prepared for IR analysis, they usually have to be dehydrated completely and then dissolved in a solvent other than water. Can you think of a reason why you might not want to have any H2O mixed in with your unknown compound when collecting its IR absorbance? Explain your rationale with respect to any observations about the spectra.arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning