Organic Chemistry
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305580350
Author: William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. Foote
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 16.26P
Wittig reactions with the following α-chloroethers can be used for the synthesis of
- (a) Draw the structure of the triphenylphosphonium salt and Wittig reagent formed from each chloroether.
- (b) Draw the structural formula of the product formed by treating each Wittig reagent with cyclopentanone. Note that the
functional group is an enol ether or, alternatively, a vinyl ether. - (c) Draw the structural formula of the product formed on acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of each enol ether from part (b).
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The odor of ripe bananas and many other fruits is due to the presence of esters. For example: Banana oil (isopentyl acetate)
(a) Write the name (common or IUPAC) of the ester responsible for the fragrance of the following: pineapple, orange, apple, peach, & lavender
(b) Choose one fragrant from (a) and name the alcohol and the carboxylic acid needed to synthesize this ester.
(c) Show the detailed mechanism of the Fischer Esterification reaction that will be involved in the synthesis of the fragrant you have chosen in part (a).
Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring.
It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+H+):
CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l)
Part A
Given 7.30 gg of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100%% yield?
Express your answer in grams to three significant figures.
Part B
A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.95 gg of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield?
Express your answer as a percent to three significant figures.
Part C
The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0%% yield. How many grams would be produced from 7.30 gg of…
Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring.
It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+H+):
CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l)
Given 8.45 gg of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100%% yield?
Express your answer in grams to three significant figures.
A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.50 gg of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield?
Express your answer as a percent to three significant figures.
The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0%% yield. How many grams would be produced from 8.45 gg of butanoic acid and excess…
Chapter 16 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 16.1 - Write the IUPAC name for each compound. Specify...Ch. 16.1 - Write structural formulas for all aldehydes with...Ch. 16.1 - Write the IUPAC name for each compound.Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 16.4PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 16.5PCh. 16.7 - Prob. 16.6PCh. 16.7 - Write a mechanism for the acid-catalyzed...Ch. 16.8 - Prob. 16.8PCh. 16.8 - The given mechanism of transamination reaction is...Ch. 16.8 - The given mechanism of transamination reaction is...
Ch. 16.8 - The given mechanism of transamination reaction is...Ch. 16.8 - Prob. DQCh. 16.8 - Prob. EQCh. 16.8 - The given mechanism of transamination reaction is...Ch. 16.9 - Predict the position of the following equilibrium.Ch. 16.9 - Draw a structural formula for the keto form of...Ch. 16.10 - Prob. 16.11PCh. 16.11 - What aldehyde or ketone gives these alcohols upon...Ch. 16.11 - Prob. 16.13PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.14PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.15PCh. 16 - The infrared spectrum of compound A, C6H12O, shows...Ch. 16 - Following are 1H-NMR spectra for compounds B...Ch. 16 - Draw structural formulas for the product formed by...Ch. 16 - Suggest a synthesis for the following alcohols...Ch. 16 - Show how to synthesize the following alcohol using...Ch. 16 - 1-Phenyl-2-butanol is used in perfumery. Show how...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.22PCh. 16 - Draw structural formulas for (1) the...Ch. 16 - Show how to bring about the following conversions...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.25PCh. 16 - Wittig reactions with the following -chloroethers...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.27PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.28PCh. 16 - 5-Hydroxyhexanal forms a six-membered cyclic...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.30PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.31PCh. 16 - Propose a mechanism to account for the formation...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.33PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.34PCh. 16 - Show how to bring about the following conversion.Ch. 16 - A primary or secondary alcohol can be protected by...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.37PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.38PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.39PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.40PCh. 16 - The following molecule belongs to a class of...Ch. 16 - When cis-2-decalone is dissolved in ether...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.43PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.44PCh. 16 - The following bicyclic ketone has two -carbons and...Ch. 16 - Propose a mechanism for this reaction.Ch. 16 - The base-promoted rearrangement of an -haloketone...Ch. 16 - If the Favorskii rearrangement of...Ch. 16 - (R)-Pulegone, readily available from pennyroyal...Ch. 16 - (R)-Pulegone is converted to (R)-citronellic acid...Ch. 16 - Starting with cyclohexanone, show how to prepare...Ch. 16 - Show how to convert cyclopentanone to these...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.53PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.54PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.55PCh. 16 - Following is the structural formula of Surfynol, a...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.57PCh. 16 - Propose a mechanism for this isomerization.Ch. 16 - Starting with acetylene and 1-bromobutane as the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.60PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.61PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.62PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.63PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.64PCh. 16 - All rearrangements we have discussed so far have...Ch. 16 - In dilute aqueous base, (R)-glyceraldehyde is...Ch. 16 - Treatment of -D-glucose with methanol in the...Ch. 16 - Treating a Grignard reagent with carbon dioxide...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.69PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.70PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.71PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.72PCh. 16 - Write the products of the following sequences of...Ch. 16 - Using your reaction roadmaps as a guide, show how...Ch. 16 - Using your reaction roadmaps as a guide, show how...Ch. 16 - Using your reaction roadmaps as a guide, show how...Ch. 16 - Using your reaction roadmaps as a guide, show how...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.78PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.79PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.80PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.81P
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