Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy and Physiology
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260256000
Author: SALADIN
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 16, Problem 1TYR

Hot and cold stimuli are detected by

  1. a. free nerve endings.
  2. b. proprioceptors.
  3. c. end bulbs.
  4. d. lamellar corpuscles.
  5. e. tactile corpuscles.
Expert Solution & Answer
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Summary Introduction

Introduction:

Structures that are specialized for the detection of a stimulus are referred to as a sensory receptor. Such receptors can either be real sense organs or simple nerve endings. Receptors can be classified into three categories based on the stimulus origin, modality, and its location in the body. The encapsulated nerve endings denote nerve fibers that are wrapped in connective tissue or glial cells, whereas the unencapsulated nerve endings denote dendrites without the wrapping of connective tissues.

Answer to Problem 1TYR

Correct answer:

The free nerve endings includes warm and cold receptors that respond to hot and cold stimuli, respectively. Therefore, option a is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Justify reasons for the correct statement:

The unencapsulated nerve endings includes peritrichial endings, free nerve endings, and tactile discs. The free nerve endings respond to the rise and fall in temperature, and pain. The abundance of these bare dendrites is found in the mucous membranes and skin.

Option (a) is given as, “free nerve endings”.

The cold receptors in the skin can be located by the gentle touch of the graphite of the pencil. In the location of such receptors, a cold sensation will be generated by conducting the skin’s heat away.

Hence, option (a)is correct.

Justify reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (b) is given as, “proprioceptors”.

Proprioceptors occur in tendons, muscles, and joint capsules and sense the movements and position of the body or various parts of it. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as, “end bulbs”.

Similar to tactile corpuscles, end bulbs also sense texture and light touch. They are ovoid bodies found in tongue and lips (mucous membrane), large nerves (epineurium), and eye (conjunctiva – anterior surface). Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given as, “lamellar corpuscles”.

Lamellar corpuscles chiefly sense vibration. They are large ovoid bodies (receptors) found in the bones (periosteum), some viscera, and in the pancreas.Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (e) is given as, “tactile corpuscles”.

Similar to end bulbs, tactile corpuscles also sense texture and light touch. They are ovoid to pear-shaped and are found in abundance in hairless sensitive areas like palms, fingertips, lips, and eyelids.Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (b), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Free nerve endings detect the cold and hot stimuli.

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Hot and cold stimuli are detected bya. free nerve endings.b. proprioceptors.c. end bulbs.d. lamellar corpuscles.e. tactile corpuscles.
Mechanoreceptors involved in maintaining muscle tone andbody posture are calleda. cutaneous receptors.b. pain receptors.c. proprioceptors.d. statocysts.
Nerve impulses generated by nociceptors are interpreted bythe brain asa. fine touch.b. heat.c. pain.d. pressure.

Chapter 16 Solutions

Anatomy and Physiology

Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 16.1 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 16.1 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 16.2 - What stimulus modalities are detected by free...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 8BYGOCh. 16.2 - Where do most second-order somatosensory neurons...Ch. 16.2 - Explain the phenomenon of referred pain in terms...Ch. 16.2 - Explain the roles of bradykinin, substance P, and...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 12BYGOCh. 16.2 - Three Types of unencapsulated sensory nerve...Ch. 16.2 - Six types of encapsulated nerve endings and how...Ch. 16.2 - The main routes for somatosensory signals from the...Ch. 16.2 - Definitions of pain and nociceptorCh. 16.2 - Differences between fast pain and slow painCh. 16.2 - Differences between somatic and visceral pain, and...Ch. 16.2 - Several chemicals released by injured tissues that...Ch. 16.2 - The general three-neuron pathway typically taken...Ch. 16.2 - Pain pathways from receptors in the head to the...Ch. 16.2 - Pain pathways from the lower body to the cerebral...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 16.2 - Referred pain and its anatomical basisCh. 16.2 - Prob. 13AYLOCh. 16.2 - Prob. 14AYLOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 13BYGOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 14BYGOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 15BYGOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 16BYGOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 17BYGOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 16.3 - Types, locations, and functions of lingual...Ch. 16.3 - Five primary taste sensations, and sensations...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 16.3 - How odor molecules excite olfactory cellsCh. 16.3 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 18BYGOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 19BYGOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 20BYGOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 21BYGOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 22BYGOCh. 16.4 - Why can't we see wavelengths of 350 nm or 750 nm?Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 16.4 - The bony and membranous labyrinths of the inner...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 12AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 13AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 14AYLOCh. 16.4 - The pathway from cochlear nerve to auditory...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 16AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 17AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 18AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 19AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 20AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 21AYLOCh. 16.4 - The path taken by signals in the vestibular nerve...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 23AYLOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 24BYGOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 25BYGOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 26BYGOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 27BYGOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 28BYGOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 16.5 - Six extrinsic eye muscles, their anatomy, the eye...Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 16.5 - General structure of the retina: its two points of...Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 16.5 - Principles of refraction; points at which...Ch. 16.5 - The difference between enmetropia and lite near...Ch. 16.5 - Histological layers and cell types of the retina....Ch. 16.5 - The structures of rods and cones; where visual...Ch. 16.5 - Differences in rod and cone functionCh. 16.5 - Prob. 16AYLOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 17AYLOCh. 16.5 - Why a single retinal receptor system cannot...Ch. 16.5 - Difference between S, M, and L cones; how neural...Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 20AYLOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 21AYLOCh. 16.5 - Hemidecussation, where it occurs, and how it...Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 23AYLOCh. 16 - Hot and cold stimuli are detected by a. free nerve...Ch. 16 - _____is a neurotransmitter that transmits pain...Ch. 16 - Prob. 3TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 4TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 5TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 6TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 7TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 8TYRCh. 16 - The retina receives its oxygen supply from a. the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 10TYRCh. 16 - The most finely detailed vision occurs when an...Ch. 16 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 13TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 14TYRCh. 16 - Three rows of________in the cochlea have V-shaped...Ch. 16 - The ______ is a tiny bone that vibrates in the...Ch. 16 - The _____ of the midbrain receives auditory input...Ch. 16 - Prob. 18TYRCh. 16 - Olfactory neurons synapse with mitral cells and...Ch. 16 - In the phenomenon of ______, pain from the viscera...Ch. 16 - bin-Ch. 16 - decuss-Ch. 16 - hemi-Ch. 16 - lacrimo-Ch. 16 - litho-Ch. 16 - maculo-Ch. 16 - noci-Ch. 16 - scoto-Ch. 16 - -sepsisCh. 16 - Prob. 10BYMVCh. 16 - The sensory (afferent) nerve fibers for touch end...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2WWTSCh. 16 - Things we see with the left eye are perceived only...Ch. 16 - Prob. 4WWTSCh. 16 - The vitreous body occupies the posterior chamber...Ch. 16 - Prob. 6WWTSCh. 16 - Prob. 7WWTSCh. 16 - Prob. 8WWTSCh. 16 - Prob. 9WWTSCh. 16 - Prob. 10WWTSCh. 16 - The principle of neural convergence is explained...Ch. 16 - What type of cutaneous receptor enables you to...Ch. 16 - Prob. 3TYCCh. 16 - Prob. 4TYCCh. 16 - Prob. 5TYC
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