Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 17.4, Problem 1R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The reason due to which a high number of proteins are expressed by a relatively lesser number of genes encoding for proteins in the genome of humans.
Introduction:
The human genome’s size is 3.2 billion base pairs, where it contains introns or noncoding genes, exons or coding genes and repetitive sequences. Human genes code for many proteins, which performs a functional and structural role in the body at the cellular and tissue level. The number of genes encoding for proteins is about 21,000, which is 0.1 percent of the human genome. However, the number of proteins is higher, which does not match the number of genes encoding for protein.
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Which of the following is an explanation for how there can be differential gene expression throughout a multicellular organism?
A) There are unique sets of genes present in the different tissues of the organisms
B) Some tissues have histones, while other cells do not use histones
C) There are unique combinations of transcription factors in different tissues of the organism
D) Different tissues throughout the organism use different genetic coding rules
.
If a gene sequence is more tightly coiled around histones, then which of the following is the most likely consequence?
A) This gene is more likely to undergo mutation as it is being expressed
B) This gene is unlikely to be transcribed while in this conformation
C) This gene will be transcribed often while in this conformation
D) This gene will be translated more efficiently
.
Which statement is false:
A) Each type of protein ( ex: hemoglobin vs trypsionngen) varies in the length and amino acid sequence of its peptide
B) After the rpocess of transcription is complete, the mRNA that is produced will continue being tranlsated by ribosomes for the rest of the cells life. mRNA never breaks down
C) A ribosome will bind to an mRNA and will translate the sequence by reading one codon at a time and adding one amino acid to the peptide chain. It will stop the translation once it encounters a stop codon
D) The gene for a protein provides the information on the legth of the peptide, along w the amino acid sequence so the protein can be synthesized by a ribosome
E) Once mRNA has left the nucleus, ribosomes will bind to it and will follow the instructions in its sequence to make the new protien
Chapter 17 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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- If an extra nucleotide is inserted in the first exon of the beta globin gene, what effect will it have on the amino acid sequence of the globin polypeptides? Will the globin most likely be fully functional, partly functional, or nonfunctional? Why?arrow_forwarda) Define the term gene expression b) State 4 difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes gene expression c) state the importance of regulating gene expressionarrow_forwardHow do you explain why we observe about 100k different proteins in mammals when we only have about 20k protein-coding genes?arrow_forward
- Describe and give an example of each of the following levels of gene expression control in eukaryotes: a) epigenetic control b) transcriptional control c) post-transcriptional control d) translational control e) post-translational controlarrow_forwardThere are several different types of genes within a genome that serve specific functions within the cell. What are protein coding genes, tRNAs, rRNAs, and regulatory RNAs? What are the parts of a protein coding gene?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is/are a role for the poly-A tail? (Select all that apply.) a) Facilitates transport of the transcript out of the nucleus b) Confers stability to the mRNA c) Binds to RNA polymerase to initiate transcription d) Facilitates binding to DNAarrow_forward
- Gene splicing all are true except - a) Complete removal of introns b) Histone mRNAs do not undergo splicing c) SnRNAs help in splicing d) Prokaryotic mRNAs do not undergo splicingarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about gene expression is false?a) More than one RNA polymerase can be transcribing a specific gene at a given time.b) More than one ribosome can be translating a specific transcript at a given time.c) Translation begins at a site called a promoter.d) Transcription stops at a site called a terminator.e) Some amino acids are coded for by more than one codon.arrow_forwardExpression of a gene, in terms of greater accumulation of the protein it encodes, could be increased by. A) increasing transcription of that gene. B) inhibiting proteases that break down the protein it encodes C) increasing the half life of its MRNA transcript D) A and C E) A, B and Carrow_forward
- Breast cancer can be caused by a genetic mutation on the BRCA1 gene changing a methionine to an arginine residue in the transcribed protein. How will this mutation effect this protein? a) Polarity before and after mutation: b) Size of the region before and after the mutation: c) Tertiary interaction you would expect with substrate: d) Name an amino acid that the unaffected protein's methionine could interact:arrow_forwardHow is ABCA12 gene/protein is regulated?arrow_forwardHow many protein-encoding genes are in the human genome?arrow_forward
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