Biology: Life on Earth
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321729712
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
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Textbook Question
Chapter 21, Problem 5RQ
List the structural adaptations necessary for the invasion of dry land by plants. Which of these adaptations are possessed by nonvascular plants? By ferns? By gymnosperms and
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Explain structural adaptations necessary for the invasion of dry plants and also state which adaptations are
possessed by nonvascular plants, ferns and by gymnosperm and angiosperm.
Chapter 21 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth
Ch. 21 - 1. Scientists hypothesize that the ancestors of...Ch. 21 - Plant adaptations to life on land include a(n)...Ch. 21 - 3. Seedless vascular plants must reproduce when...Ch. 21 - 4. Three groups of nonvascular plants are _______,...Ch. 21 - 1. What is meant by “alternation of generations”?...Ch. 21 - 2. Explain the evolutionary changes in plant...Ch. 21 - Describe evolutionary trends in the life cycles of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 4RQCh. 21 - List the structural adaptations necessary for the...Ch. 21 - The number of species of flowering plants is...
Ch. 21 - List the adaptations of gymnosperms that have...Ch. 21 - What is a pollen grain? What role has it played in...Ch. 21 - The majority of all plants are seed plants. What...Ch. 21 - You are a geneticist working for a firm that...Ch. 21 - 1. Prior to the development of synthetic drugs,...Ch. 21 - 2. Only a few hundred of the more than 200,000...
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- What are the two structures that allow angiosperms to be the dominant form of plant life in most terrestrial ecosystems?arrow_forwardRelate the structure of an angiosperm leaf to each of the following:- Adaptations for photosynthesis and food storage.- Adaptations for food translocation and water transport.- Specialized adaptations to a desert environment.arrow_forwardWhere are microspore produced in gymnosperms? Megaspores give rise to which structure in gymnosperms?arrow_forward
- A slight change in a plant species’ flower structure might favor a different pollinator. How might such a change in flower structure lead to a new plant species? How does coevolution between flowering plants and animal pollinators help explain the huge diversity of angiosperms?arrow_forwardWhich of the following are adaptations for reproduction in dry environments? - seeds and pollen - xylem and phloem - flowers and fruits - cuticle and stomataarrow_forwardByrophytes are usually found in areas that are very wet or damp at least part of the year. Which of the following statements describes characteristics of byrophytes that make them dependent on water? State all that numbers that apply. 1. They have a dominant gametophyte phase. 2. They have swimming sperm that need water so they can swim to fertilize the eggs of other nearby plants. 3. They do not have lignin-stiffened vascular tissue or roots to effectively distribute water throughout the plant.arrow_forward
- Draw a fern life cycle and include the following terms: sporophyte, frond, rhizome, roots, sorus, sporangium, sporocytes, spores, developing gametophyte, prothallus, rhizoids, antheridium, archegonium, egg, sperm, zygote, embryo, developing sporophyte and young sporophytearrow_forwarda) What role does 'alternation of generation' play in encouraging survival of simple plants like the Bryophytes and Hepatophytes. b) i) Anthrophytes also show alternation of generation. Identify the structures that represent these two stages in its life cycle. ii) Explain why the alternation of generation in Anthrophytes must be different from that of the Bryophytes.(-arrow_forwardIn the table below, state concisely how gymnosperms are adapted for living on land with respect to each of the following characters: Characteristics Adaptation for living on land 1.alternation of generation 2.needles 3. seeds 4. pollen 5. vascular tissuesarrow_forward
- You have discovered a new plant species that you think may be a gymnosperm. Which of the following features would you NOT expect it to have? Cones Fruits Vascular tissue like xylem and phloem Seedsarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements best compares the two dominant lineages of modern angiosperms? -Monocots are monophyletic whereas eudicots have multiple origins. -Monocots have only one pistil per flower whereas eudicots have three. -Monocots have only one cotyledon whereas eudicots have two. -Monocots are lycophylls whereas eudicots are euphylls. -Monocots have only one stamen per flower whereas eudicots have six.arrow_forwardWhat is the dominant phase in the life cycle of a Bryophyte? How does this compare to the dominant phase of the rest of the land plants? What phase of the life cycle (gametophyte or sporophyte) produces Bryophyte spores? By what process of cell division (mitosis or meiosis) are the spores produced?arrow_forward
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