At large interatomic separations, an alkali halide molecule MX has a lower energy as two neutral atoms,
(a) Express
(b) Calculate
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Principles of Modern Chemistry
- In what ways are the electronic structures of the group 14 (4A) elements similar? In what ways are they different?arrow_forwardWhich pair will form a compound with the larger lattice energy: Na+ and F- ions or Mg2+ and F- ions? Justify your selection.arrow_forwardSelect the element, from the halogens, with the lowest 1st ionization energy? Which of the listed elements (C, N, O, P, or S) should form the least polar bond to hydrogen, based on Pauling electronegativities? Which of the elements: P, S, Cl, or Ar should have the highest 6th ionization energy? Which of the ions Mg2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, Be2+, Ba2+, or Ra2+ is the largest?arrow_forward
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- Mixing SbCl3 and GaCl3 in a 1:1 molar ratio using liquid sulfur dioxide as a solvent gives a solidionic compound with the empirical formula GaSbCl6. A controversy arose over whether this compoundis [SbCl2]+[GaCl4]− or [GaCl2]+[SbCl4]−.(a) Predict the molecular structure of the two anions from the two choices using VSEPR theory.(b) It is learned that the cation in the compound has a bent structure. Based on this fact, whichformulation is the correct one?arrow_forwardCalculate the wavelength of light required to break the bond between the two chlorine atoms in a chlorine molecule. The Cl-Cl bond energy is 243 kH mol^-1.arrow_forwardCalculate the lattice enthalpy for RbC1. You will need the following information: Species AfH°, kJ/mol Rb(g) RbCl(s) Cl(g) 80.9 - 435.4 121.3 Enthalpy of ionization for Rb(g) is 403.0 kJ/mol; electron attachment enthalpy for Cl(g) is −349.0 kJ/mol. Lattice enthalpy = kJ/molarrow_forward
- 1. Neutrons as well as electrons and x-rays can be used to obtain information about molecular structure through diffraction patterns. What must the velocity of a neutron be for its de Broglie wavelength to be about five times smaller than a bond length? How does this velocity compare (bigger, smaller, or the same) if electrons were diffracted? A typical bond length for C-C is 1.54Å (1.54 x 10-1ºm).arrow_forwardUsing the following data, calculate the lattice energy of calcium chloride: Ca2+(g) + 2Cl– (g) → CaCl2(s) ΔHlattice = ? Sublimation enthalpy of calcium ΔH = 177.8 kJ/mol First ionization energy of calcium ΔH = 590.2 kJ/mol Second ionization energy of calcium ΔH = 1144.2 kJ/mol First electron affinity of chlorine ΔH = –349 kJ/mol Heat of formation of CaCl2(s) ΔH = –795.4 kJ/mol Bond energy of Cl2 (see Table 2) Use Hess’s law to calculate the lattice energy of calcium chloride. set-up must show all the chemical equations and you must show how their H values add up to give your answer.arrow_forwardHydrazine, N2H4, burns in oxygen as follows: N2H4 + O2 → N2 + 2H2O [The bond energies in kJ/mol are: N-H = 388; N-N 163; N≡N 944; O-H 463; O=O 496] Draw the chemical structures of the reactants and products and give the formula to calculate enthalpy change in a reaction, ΔH.arrow_forward
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