Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The index of hydrogen deficiency of a molecule is the extent to which the molecule is unsaturated. It is half the number of hydrogen atoms missing from the molecule as compared to a completely saturated molecule. The contribution of each double bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. The contribution of each triple bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 2. The contribution of each ring in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. If a molecule is saturated and has no rings, double bonds, and triple bonds, its index of hydrogen deficiency is 0.
Answer to Problem 4.47P
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is zero.
Explanation of Solution
The given compound is
This compound has all single bonds and is a saturated compound. There are no double bonds, triple bonds, or rings in the molecule. Each carbon atom is bonded to four other atoms via single bonds. Thus, the index of hydrogen deficiency for this compound is zero.
The index of hydrogen deficiency for a saturated compound is zero.
(b)
Interpretation:
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The index of hydrogen deficiency of a molecule is the extent to which the molecule is unsaturated. It is half the number of hydrogen atoms missing from the molecule as compared to a completely saturated molecule. The contribution of each double bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. The contribution of each triple bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 2. The contribution of each ring in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. If a molecule is saturated and has no rings, double bonds, and triple bonds, its index of hydrogen deficiency is 0.
Answer to Problem 4.47P
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is one.
Explanation of Solution
The given compound is
The given compound has one double bond in its structure. Each double bond contributes 1 to the index of hydrogen deficiency. The given structure does not contain triple bonds and rings. Thus, for this compound, the index of hydrogen deficiency is 1.
The index of hydrogen deficiency for an unsaturated compound depends on the number of double bonds, triple bonds, and rings in its structure.
(c)
Interpretation:
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The index of hydrogen deficiency of a molecule is the extent to which the molecule is unsaturated. It is half the number of hydrogen atoms missing from the molecule as compared to a completely saturated molecule. The contribution of each double bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. The contribution of each triple bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 2. The contribution of each ring in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. If a molecule is saturated and has no rings, double bonds, and triple bonds, its index of hydrogen deficiency is 0.
Answer to Problem 4.47P
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is three.
Explanation of Solution
The given compound is
The given compound has one triple bond in its structure. Each triple bond contributes 2 to the index of hydrogen deficiency. There is one ring in the structure. Each ring contributes 1 to the index of hydrogen deficiency. Thus, for this compound, the index of hydrogen deficiency is
The index of hydrogen deficiency for an unsaturated compound depends on the number of double bonds, triple bonds, and rings in its structure.
(d)
Interpretation:
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The index of hydrogen deficiency of a molecule is the extent to which the molecule is unsaturated. It is half the number of hydrogen atoms missing from the molecule as compared to a completely saturated molecule. The contribution of each double bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. The contribution of each triple bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 2. The contribution of each ring in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. If a molecule is saturated and has no rings, double bonds, and triple bonds, its index of hydrogen deficiency is 0.
Answer to Problem 4.47P
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is four.
Explanation of Solution
The given compound is
The given compound has one ring in its structure. Each ring contributes 1 to the index of hydrogen deficiency. There are three double bonds in the structure. Each double bond contributes 1 to the index of hydrogen deficiency. Thus, the index of hydrogen deficiency for this compound is
The index of hydrogen deficiency for an unsaturated compound depends on the number of double bonds, triple bonds, and rings in its structure.
(e)
Interpretation:
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The index of hydrogen deficiency of a molecule is the extent to which the molecule is unsaturated. It is half the number of hydrogen atoms missing from the molecule as compared to a completely saturated molecule. The contribution of each double bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. The contribution of each triple bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 2. The contribution of each ring in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. If a molecule is saturated and has no rings, double bonds, and triple bonds, its index of hydrogen deficiency is 0.
Answer to Problem 4.47P
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is one.
Explanation of Solution
The given compound is
The given compound has one ring in its structure. Each ring contributes 1 to the index of hydrogen deficiency. There are no double bonds and triple bonds in the structure. Thus, the index of hydrogen deficiency for this compound is 1.
The index of hydrogen deficiency for an unsaturated compound depends on the number of double bonds, triple bonds, and rings in its structure.
(f)
Interpretation:
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The index of hydrogen deficiency of a molecule is the extent to which the molecule is unsaturated. It is half the number of hydrogen atoms missing from the molecule as compared to a completely saturated molecule. The contribution of each double bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. The contribution of each triple bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 2. The contribution of each ring in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. If a molecule is saturated and has no rings, double bonds, and triple bonds, its index of hydrogen deficiency is 0.
Answer to Problem 4.47P
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is four.
Explanation of Solution
The given compound is
The given compound has two rings in its structure. Each ring contributes 1 to the index of hydrogen deficiency. There are two double bonds in the structure. Each double bond contributes 1 to the index of hydrogen deficiency. Thus, the index of hydrogen deficiency for this compound is
The index of hydrogen deficiency for an unsaturated compound depends on the number of double bonds, triple bonds, and rings in its structure.
(g)
Interpretation:
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The index of hydrogen deficiency of a molecule is the extent to which the molecule is unsaturated. It is half the number of hydrogen atoms missing from the molecule as compared to a completely saturated molecule. The contribution of each double bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. The contribution of each triple bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 2. The contribution of each ring in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. If a molecule is saturated and has no rings, double bonds, and triple bonds, its index of hydrogen deficiency is 0.
Answer to Problem 4.47P
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is five.
Explanation of Solution
The given compound is
The given compound has two rings in its structure. Each ring contributes 1 to the index of hydrogen deficiency. There are three double bonds in the structure. Each double bond contributes 1 to the index of hydrogen deficiency. Thus, the index of hydrogen deficiency for this compound is
The index of hydrogen deficiency for an unsaturated compound depends on the number of double bonds, triple bonds, and rings in its structure.
(h)
Interpretation:
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The index of hydrogen deficiency of a molecule is the extent to which the molecule is unsaturated. It is half the number of hydrogen atoms missing from the molecule as compared to a completely saturated molecule. The contribution of each double bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. The contribution of each triple bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 2. The contribution of each ring in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. If a molecule is saturated and has no rings, double bonds, and triple bonds, its index of hydrogen deficiency is 0.
Answer to Problem 4.47P
The index of hydrogen deficiency for the given compound is five.
Explanation of Solution
The given compound is
The given compound has no rings in its structure. There is one double bond in the structure. Each double bond contributes 1 to the index of hydrogen deficiency. There are two triple bonds in the structure. Each triple bond contributes 2 to the index of hydrogen deficiency. Thus, the index of hydrogen deficiency for this compound is
The index of hydrogen deficiency for an unsaturated compound depends on the number of double bonds, triple bonds, and rings in its structure.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
- Draw the most stable conformation of the molecule shown below. The most stable conformation is the one in whicharrow_forwardConsider the molecule 1-bromo-2-methylbutane. C3 and C4 should be drawn as Et as in theexample. This group is called an ethyl group and can be considered a sphere about twice the sizeof a methyl group. Draw the following Newman projections sighting down the C1C2 bond... a. The lowest potential energy conformation. b. The highest potential energy staggered conformation.arrow_forward(iii) Draw the lowest energy conformer for the following compound.arrow_forward
- Identify which of the following compounds is expected to have the larger heat of combustionarrow_forwardTotal number of stereoisomers of the compound given in the attached question.arrow_forwardInterconversion of the staggered and eclipsed conformations of alkanes requires rotation around a -C bond such as the one depicted below (see arrow). Using your knowledge of bonding, explain why these rotations do not significantly affect the energy (strength) of these bonds. You may find it helpful to describe the type of bond being rotated.arrow_forward
- Draw Newman projections of the three most stable conformations of the following compound viewed down the indicated bond and in the indicated direction. Indicate the most favorable conformation. You should be able to briefly describe or illustrate why your choice is the most favorable conformation.arrow_forwardWhich is the most stable conformation of the following alcohols? In general, how do I find the most stable conformation?arrow_forwardDraw the most stable AND most unstable conformations of the following molecules. Briefly explain'your answer. Note, for linear structures looking at rotation around the bond depicted in red. Br но HNarrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning