Comparative Income Statements and Management Analysis
EZ-Seat, Inc., manufactures two types of reclining chairs, Standard and Ergo. Ergo provides support for the body through a complex set of sensors and requires great care in manufacturing to avoid damage to the material and frame. Standard is a conventional recliner, uses standard materials, and is simpler to manufacture. EZ-Seat’s results for the last fiscal year are shown in the statement below.
EZ-Seat currently uses labor costs to allocate all
Required
- a. Complete the income statement using the preceding activity bases.
- b. Write a brief report indicating how management could use activity-based costing to reduce costs.
- c. Restate the income statement for EZ-Seat using direct labor costs as the only overhead allocation base.
- d. Write a report to management stating why product line profits differ using activity-based costing compared to the traditional approach. Indicate whether activity-based costing provides more accurate information and why (if you believe it does provide more accurate information). Indicate in your report how the use of labor-based overhead allocation could cause EZ-Seat management to make suboptimal decisions.
a.
Complete the income statement using preceding activity bases.
Explanation of Solution
Activity-based costing:
Activity-based costing refers to the method of costing where the overhead cost is assigned to various products. This costing method identifies the relationship between the manufacturing overhead costs and the activities. This relationship is then used to allocate indirect costs to the products.
Complete the income statement using preceding activity bases:
Particulars | Ergo | Standard | Total |
Sales revenue | $2,925,000 | $2,760,000 | $5,685,000 |
Direct materials | $550,000 | $500,000 | $1,050,000 |
Direct labor | $400,000 | $200,000 | $600,000 |
Overhead costs: | |||
Add: Administration | $312,000 | $156,000 | $468,000 |
Add: Production setup | $360,000 | $720,000 | $1,080,000 |
Add: Quality control | $360,000 | $360,000 | $720,000 |
Add: Distribution | $288,000 | $1,152,000 | $1,440,000 |
Total overhead costs | $1,320,000 | $2,388,000 | $3,708,000 |
Operating profit | $655,000 | ($328,000) | $327,000 |
Table: (1)
Working note 1:
Compute the percentage of direct labor applicable:
Working note 2:
Compute the rate per setup:
Working note 3:
Compute the rate per inspection:
Working note 4:
Compute the shipping cost per unit:
b.
Write a brief report indicating how management could use activity-based costing to reduce costs
Explanation of Solution
Activity-based costing:
Activity-based costing (ABC) refers to the method of costing where the overhead cost is assigned to various products. This costing method identifies the relationship between the manufacturing overhead costs and the activities. This relationship is then used to allocate indirect costs to the products.
ABC method for reducing the cost:
Reduction in the cost of activities may not be the direct result of implementing the ABC method of costing, but it can highlight the activities where the cost reduction can be made. Reducing the setup costs or other overhead costs specifically from the perspective of cost reduction can be identified using the ABC method of costing.
c.
Restate the income statement according to the information given in the question.
Explanation of Solution
Recompute the income statement according to the information given in the question:
Particulars | Ergo | Standard | Total |
Sales revenue | $2,925,000 | $2,760,000 | $5,685,000 |
Direct materials | $550,000 | $500,000 | $1,050,000 |
Direct labor | $400,000 | $200,000 | $600,000 |
Overhead costs | $2,472,000 | $1,236,000 | $3,708,000 |
Operating profit | ($497,000) | $824,000 | $327,000 |
Table: (2)
Working note 5:
d.
Write a report to management stating why product line profits differ using activity-based costing compared to the traditional approach. Indicate whether activity-based costing provides more accurate information and provide a reason for the same.
Explanation of Solution
Purpose of the report:
To explain the difference between the implementation of ABC costing and traditional labor-based costing method for the computation of the product line profits.
The implication of both methods:
Direct costs do not differ in both the methods implemented. While using the labor-based method, all the overhead costs are computed under one single head, and while using ABC the bifurcation of cost drivers is relevant to their respective cost of allocation
Result using the traditional labor-based method of costing:
The result shows that the product Ergo has incurred a loss of $497,000 which is 17% percent of the sales revenue. And the product standard has attained a profit of $824,000 which is 30% of sales revenue.
Result using the ABC method of costing:
The result shows that the product Ergo has attained a profit of $655,000 which is 22% percent of the sales revenue. And the product Standard has incurred the loss of $328,000 which is 11% of sales revenue.
Conclusion:
The choice of the method adopted should be ABC costing as the results computed from the traditional labor-based method are very high as compared to ABC costing.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 9 Solutions
Fundamentals Of Cost Accounting (6th Edition)
- This cost data from Hickory Furniture is for the year 2017. Using the high-low method, express the factory utility expenses as an equation where x represents number of chairs produced. Predict the utility costs if 900 chairs are produced. Predict the utility costs if 750 chairs are produced. Using Excel, create a scatter graph of the cost data and explain the relationship between number of chairs processed and utility expenses.arrow_forwardDeep Sea manufactures flotation vests in Charleston, South Carolina. Deep Sea's contribution margin income statement for the month ended March 31, 2024, contains the following data: (Click the icon to view the cost information.) Read the requirements. Requirement 1. Identify each cost in the income statement as either relevant or irrelevant to Deep Sea's decision. Variable Manufacturing Costs Variable Selling and Administrative Costs Fixed Manufacturing Costs Fixed Selling and Administrative Costs Requirement 2. Prepare a differential analysis to determine whether Deep Sea should accept this special sales order. (Enter decreases to revenue or increases to costs with a parentheses or minus sign.) Decision: in operating income ▼ Suppose Overboard wishes to buy 4,000 vests from Deep Sea. Deep Sea will not incur any variable selling and administrative expenses on the special order. The Deep Sea plant has enough unused capacity to manufacture the additional vests. Overboard has offered $7…arrow_forwardRequired information [The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] Nation's Capital Fitness, Inc., operates a chain of fitness centers in the Washington, D.C., area. The firm's controller is accumulating data to be used in preparing its annual profit plan for the coming year. The cost behavior pattern of the firm's equipment maintenance costs must be determined. The accounting staff has suggested the use of the high-low method to develop an equation, in the form of Y= a + bX, for maintenance costs. Data regarding the maintenance hours and costs for last year are as follows: Month January February March April May June July August September October November December Total Average Hours of Maintenance Service 520 490 300 500 310 480 Monthly maintenance cost= 320 400 470 350 340 320 4,800 400 Maintenance Costs $ 4,470 4,260 2,820 4,350 2,960 4,200 3,000 3,600 4,050 3,300 3,160 3,030 $43,200 $3,600 Required: 1. Using the high-low method of cost estimation, estimate…arrow_forward
- Classifying Costs as Product or Period Costs Suppose that you have been given a summer job as an intern at Issac Aircams, a company that manufactures sophisticated spy cameras for remote-controlled military reconnaissance aircraft. The company, which is privately owned, has approached a bank for a loan to help finance its growth. The bank requires financial statements before approving the loan. Required: Classify each cost listed below as either a product cost or a period cost for the purpose of preparing financial statements for the bank. 1. Depreciation on salespersons’ cars. 2. Rent on equipment used in the factory. 3. Lubricants used for machine maintenance. 4. Salaries of personnel who work in the finished goods warehouse. 5. Soap and paper towels used by factory workers at the end of a shift. 6. Factory supervisors’ salaries. 7. Heat, water, and power consumed in the factory. 8. Materials used for boxing products for shipment overseas. (Units are not normally boxed.) 9.…arrow_forwardProduct and Customer Profitability Analysis Thermal Rising, Inc., makes paragliders for sale through specialty sporting goods stores. The company has a standard paraglider model, but also makes custom-designed paragliders. Management has designed an activity-based costing system with the following activity cost pools and activity rates: Management would like an analysis of the profitability of a particular customer, Big Sky Outfitters, which has ordered the following products over the last 12 months: The company’s direct labor rate is $19.50 per hour. Required: Using the company’s activity-based costing system, compute the customer margin of Big Sky Outfitters.arrow_forwardRequired information [The following information applies to the questions displayed below] Nation's Capital Fitness, Inc., operates a chain of fitness centers in the Washington, D.C., area. The firm's controller is accumulating data to be used in preparing its annual profit plan for the coming year. The cost behavior pattern of the firm's equipment maintenance costs must be determined. The accounting staff has suggested the use of the high-low method to develop an equation, in the form of Y=a+bX, for maintenance costs. Data regarding the maintenance hours and costs for last year are as follows: Month January February March April May June July August September October November December Total Average "Rounded Hours of Maintenance Service 530 470 260 470 360 450 330 450 470 380 360 360 4,890 408- Maintenance Costs $ 5,068 4,220 2,800 4,330 2,970 4,140 3,100 3,510 4,010 3,200 3,250 3,040 $43,638 $ 3,637 Required: 1. Using the high-low method of cost estimation, estimate the behavior of the…arrow_forward
- Ventana Window and Wall Treatments Company provides draperies, shades, and various window treatments. Ventana works with the customer to design the appropriate window treatment, places the order, and installs the finished product. Direct materials and direct labor costs are easy to trace to the jobs. Ventanas income statement for last year is as follows: Ventana wants to find a markup on cost of goods sold that will allow them to earn about the same amount of profit on each job as was earned last year. Required: 1. What is the markup on cost of goods sold (COGS) that will maintain the same profit as last year? (Round the percentage to two significant digits.) 2. A customer orders draperies and shades for a remodeling job. The job will have the following costs: What is the price that Ventana will quote given the markup percentage calculated in Requirement 1? (Round the price to the nearest dollar.) 3. What if Ventana wants to calculate a markup on direct materials cost, since it is the largest cost of doing business? What is the markup on direct materials cost that will maintain the same profit as last year? (Round the percentage to two significant digits.) What is the bid price Ventana will use for the job given in Requirement 2 if the markup percentage is calculated on the basis of direct materials cost? (Round to the nearest dollar.)arrow_forwardThis cost data from Hickory Furniture is for the year 2017. Using the high-low method, express the companys utility costs as an equation where X represents number of tables produced. Predict the utility costs if 800 tables are produced. Predict the utility costs if 600 tables are produced. Using Excel, create a scatter graph of the cost data and explain the relationship between number of tables produced and utility expenses.arrow_forwardBumblebee Mobiles manufactures a line of cell phones. The management has identified the following overhead costs and related cost drivers for the coming year. The following were incurred in manufacturing two of their cell phones, Bubble and Burst, during the first quarter. REQUIREMENT Review the worksheet called ABC that follows these requirements. You have been asked to determine the cost of each product using an activity-based cost system. Note that the problem information is already entered into the Data Section of the ABC worksheet.arrow_forward
- Ethan Manufacturing Inc. produces floor mats for automobiles. The owner, Joseph Ethan, has asked you to assist in estimating maintenance costs. Together, you and Joseph determine that the single best cost driver for maintenance costs is machine hours. These data are from the previous fiscal year for maintenance costs and machine hours: Month 1 2345 67 000 8 9 10 11 12 Maintenance Costs $ 2,740 2,900 3,050 3,160 3,240 3,210 3,150 2,990 2,760 2,360 2,370 2,590 Machine Hours 1,830 1,910 1,990 2,010 2,040 2,020 2,000 1,980 1,840 Required 1 Required 2 1,240 1,440 1,730 Required: 1. What is the cost equation for maintenance costs using the high-low method? 2. Calculate the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for the cost equation you developed in requirement 1. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Calculate the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for the cost equation you developed in requirement 1. (Do not round intermediate calculations, with the exception…arrow_forwardNation’s Capital Fitness, Inc. operates a chain of fitness centers in the Washington, D.C., area. The firm’s controller is accumulating data to be used in preparing its annual profit plan for the coming year. The cost behavior pattern of the firm’s equipment maintenance costs must be determined. The accounting staff has suggested the use of an equation, in the form of Y = a + bX, for maintenance costs. Data regarding the maintenance hours and costs for last year are as follows: (image below) Required:1. Using the high-low method of cost estimation, estimate the behavior of the maintenance costs incurred by Nation’s Capital Fitness, Inc. Express the cost behavior pattern in equation form.2. Using your answer to requirement (1), what is the variable component of the maintenance cost?3. Compute the predicted maintenance cost at 590 hours of activity.4. Compute the variable cost per hour and the fixed cost per hour at 600 hours of activity. Explain why the fixed cost per hour could be…arrow_forwardNation's Capital Fitness, Incorporated, operates a chain of fitness centers in the Washington, D.C., area. The firm's controller is accumulating data to be used in preparing its annual profit plan for the coming year. The cost behavior pattern of the firm's equipment maintenance costs must be determined. The accounting staff has suggested the use of an equation, in the form of Y= a + bx, for maintenance costs. Data regarding the maintenance hours and costs for last year are as follows: Month January February March April May June July August September October November December Total Average Hours of Maintenance Service 560 480 280 470 350 460 320 430 490 380 350 340 4,910 409 Maintenance cost Maintenance Costs $ 5,110 4,240 2,730 4,300 3,030 4, 120 3,000 3,590 4,000 3,220 3,170 3,070 $ 43,580 $ 3,632 PR 6-38 (Algo) Part 3 Compute the predicted maintenance cost... 3. Compute the predicted maintenance cost at 670 hours of activity. Answer is complete but not entirely correct. $ 49,192 Xarrow_forward
- Cornerstones of Cost Management (Cornerstones Ser...AccountingISBN:9781305970663Author:Don R. Hansen, Maryanne M. MowenPublisher:Cengage LearningFinancial And Managerial AccountingAccountingISBN:9781337902663Author:WARREN, Carl S.Publisher:Cengage Learning,Managerial AccountingAccountingISBN:9781337912020Author:Carl Warren, Ph.d. Cma William B. TaylerPublisher:South-Western College Pub
- Excel Applications for Accounting PrinciplesAccountingISBN:9781111581565Author:Gaylord N. SmithPublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Accounting Volume 2AccountingISBN:9781947172609Author:OpenStaxPublisher:OpenStax College