Concept explainers
An experiment was performed to compare the fracture toughness of high-purity 18 Ni maraging steel with commercial-purity steel of the same type (Corrosion Science, 1971: 723–736). For µ = 32 specimens, the sample average toughness was
a. Assuming that σ1 = 1.2 and σ2 = 1.1, test the relevant hypotheses using α = .001.
b. Compute β for the test conducted in part (a) when μ1 − μ2 = 6.
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences
- An experiment to compare the tension bond strength of polymer latex modified mortar (Portland cement mortar to which polymer latex emulsions have been added during mixing) to that of unmodified mortar resulted in x = 18.17 kgf/cm² for the modified mortar (m = 42) and y = 16.82 kgf/cm² for the unmodified mortar (n = 31). Let μ₁ and ₂ be the true average tension bond strengths for the modified and unmodified mortars, respectively. Assume that the bond strength distributions are both normal. (a) Assuming that 0₁ = 1.6 and 0₂ = 1.3, test Ho: M₁ M₂ = 0 versus Ha: M₁ - H₂> 0 at level 0.01. Calculate the test statistic and determine the P-value. (Round your test statistic to two decimal places and your P-value to four decimal places.) Z P-value = (b) Compute the probability of a type Il error for the test of part (a) when µ₁ - H₂ = 1. (Round your answer to four decimal places.) (c) Suppose the investigator decided to use a level 0.05 test and wished B = 0.10 when M₁ M₂ = 1. If m = 42, what…arrow_forwardAn experiment to compare the tension bond strength of polymer latex modified mortar (Portland cement mortar to which polymer latex emulsions have been added during mixing) to that of unmodified mortar resulted in x = 18.18 kgf/cm² for the modified mortar (m = 42) and y = 16.86 kgf/cm² for the unmodified mortar (n = 30). Let µ1 and uz be the true average tension bond strengths for the modified and unmodified mortars, respectively. Assume that the bond strength distributions are both normal. (a) Assuming that o1 = 1.6 and o2 = 1.3, test Ho: H1 - 42 = 0 versus Ha: H1 - H2 > 0 at level 0.01. Calculate the test statistic and determine the P-value. (Round your test statistic to two decimal places and your P-value to four decimal places.) Z = 3.854 P-value = 0.0001 State the conclusion in the problem context. Fail to reject Ho. The data does not suggest that the difference in average tension bond strengths exceeds from 0. Reject Ho. The data does not suggest that the difference in average…arrow_forwardThe result below gives the amount (mg/mL) of ephedrine hydrochloride found in pharmaceutical preparations of Ephedrine Elixir B.P. by two different methods: derivative ultraviolet spectroscopy and an official assay method (the nominal amount in each sample was 3 mg/mL). Test whether the results obtained by the two methods differ significantly.arrow_forward
- An experiment to compare the tension bond strength of polymer latex modified mortar (Portland cement mortar to which polymer latex emulsións have been added during mixing) to that of unmodified mortar resulted in x = 18.11 kgf/cm2 for the modified mortar (m = 42) and y = 16.88 kgf/cm2 for the unmodified mortar (n = 31). Let ₁ and ₂ be the true average tension bond strengths for the modified and unmodified mortars, respectively. Assume that the bond strength distributions are both normal. (a) Assuming that o₁ = 1.6 and ₂ = 1.3, test Ho: ₁ - ₂ = 0 versus H₂: H₁ - H₂> 0 at level 0.01. Calculate the test statistic and determine the P-value. (Round your test statistic to two decimal places and your P-value to four decimal places.) Z = P-value = State the conclusion in the problem context. O Fail to reject Ho. The data suggests that the difference in average tension bond strengths exceeds 0. Fail to reject Ho. The data does not suggest that the difference in average tension bond strengths…arrow_forwardA drug manufacturer forms tablets by compressing a granular material that contains the active ingredient and various fillers. The hardness of a sample from each batch of tablets produced is measured to control the compression process. The target value for 11.5. The hardness data for a random sample of 20 tablets from one large batch are given. the hardness is Н 11.627 11.374 11.383 11.477 = 11.613 11.592 11.715 11.570 A hypothesis test of Ho: μ = 11.2 Ha: μ # 11.2 11.493 11.458 11.485 11.623 11.602 11.552 11.509 11.472 11.360 11.463 11.429 11.531 where μ = the true mean hardness of the tablets using a = 0.05 has a P-value of 0.4494. Because the P-value of 0.4494 > a = = 0.05, we fail to reject Ho. We do not have convincing evidence that the true mean hardness of these tablets is different from 11.5. A 95% confidence interval for the true mean hardness measurement for this type of pill is (11.472, 11.561). Which is the following statements is not true with regards to the 95% confidence…arrow_forward#6.3 (p.344). Conduct a test of H0: μ1>= μ2-2.3 versus Ha: μ1< μ2-2.3 for the sample data summarized here. Use α=0.01 in reaching your conclusions.arrow_forward
- An experiment to compare the tension bond strength of polymer latex modified mortar (Portland cement mortar to which polymer latex emulsions have been added during mixing) to that of unmodified mortar resulted in x = 18.18 kgf/cm2 for the modified mortar (m = 42) and y = 16.86 kgf/cm for the unmodified mortar (n = 30). Let µ1 and Hz be the true average tension bond strengths for the modified and unmodified mortars, respectively. Assume that the bond strength distributions are both normal. (a) Assuming that o1 = 1.6 and o2 = 1.3, test Ho: µ1 - 42 = 0 versus H3: µ1 – 42 > 0 at level 0.01. Calculate the test statistic and determine the P-value. (Round your test statistic to two decimal places and your P-value to four decimal places.) z = P-value = State the conclusion in the problem context. Fail to reject Ho: The data does not suggest that the difference in average tension bond strengths exceeds from 0. o Reject Ho: The data does not suggest that the difference in average tension bond…arrow_forwardAn experiment was performed to compare the fracture toughness of high-purity 18 Ni maraging steel with commercial-purity steel of the same type. For m = 34 specimens, the sample average toughness was x = 64.3 for the high-purity steel, whereas for n = 36 specimens of commercial steel y = 58.5. Because the high-purity steel is more expensive, its use for a certain application can be justified only if its fracture toughness exceeds that of commercial-purity steel by more than 5. Suppose that both toughness distributions are normal. (a) Assuming that o₁ = 1.4 and ₂ = 1.0, test the relevant hypotheses using a = 0.001. (Use μ₁-₂, where μ₁ is the average toughness for high-purity steel and ₂ is the average toughness for commercial steel.) State the relevant hypotheses. о но 1-2=5 H₂H₁ H₂ 5 о но: 1 - 2 = 5 H₂: M₁-M₂ ≤ 5 | Ho: M₁ M₂=5 H₂: M₂ M₂ #5 Calculate the test statistic and determine the P-value. (Round your test statistic to two decimal places and your P-value to four decimal places.)…arrow_forwardThe desired percentage of Sio, in a certain type of aluminous cement is 5.5. To test whether the true average percentage is 5.5 for a particular production facility, 16 independently obtained samples are analyzed. Suppose that the percentage of Sio, in a sample is normally distributed with o = 0.32 and that x = 5.23. (Use a = 0.05.) (a) Does this indicate conclusively that the true average percentage differs from 5.5? State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses. Ho: u = 5.5 Hg: µ 2 5.5 Ho: H = 5.5 HaiH 5.5 = Calculate the test statistic and determine the P-value. (Round your test statistic to two decimal places and your P-value to four decimal places.) z = P-value = State the conclusion in the problem context. Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is not sufficient evidence to conclude that the true average percentage differs from the desired percentage. O Reject the null hypothesis. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the true average percentage differs from the…arrow_forward
- The desired percentage of Sio, in a certain type of aluminous cement is 5.5. To test whether the true average percentage is 5.5 for a particular production facility, 16 independently obtained samples are analyzed. Suppose that the percentage of Sio, in a sample is normally distributed with o = 0.32 and that x = 5.24. (Use a = 0.05.) (a) Does this indicate conclusively that the true average percentage differs from 5.5? State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses. O Ho: l = 5.5 H:u> 5.5 O Ho: H = 5.5 Hi H2 5.5 O Hoi 4 = 5.5 H: H # 5.5 O Hoi u = 5.5 H, u< 5.5 Calculate the test statistic and determine the P-value. (Round your test statistic to two decimal places and your P-value to four decimal places.) z = P-value = State the conclusion in the problem context. O Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the true average percentage differs from the desired percentage. O Reject the null hypothesis. There is sufficient evidence to conclude…arrow_forwardThe desired percentage of Sio, in a certain type of aluminous cement is 5.5. To test whether the true average percentage is 5.5 for a particular production facility, 16 independently obtained samples are analyzed. Suppose that the percentage of Sio, in a sample is normally distributed with o = 0.32 and that x = 5.22. (Use a = 0.05.) (a) Does this indicate conclusively that the true average percentage differs from 5.5? State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses. O Ho: H = 5.5 Hi H 5.5 Calculate the test statistic and determine the P-value. (Round your test statistic to two decimal places and your P-value to four decimal places.) z = P-value State the conclusion in the problem context. Reject the null hypothesis. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the true average percentage differs from the desired percentage. Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the true average percentage differs from the desired percentage. Do not…arrow_forwardThe desired percentage of Sio, in a certain type of aluminous cement is 5.5. To test whether the true average percentage is 5.5 for a particular production facility, 16 independently obtained samples are analyzed. Suppose that the percentage in a sample is normally distributed with o = 0.32 and that x = sio 2 5.23. (Use a = 0.05.) of (a) Does this indicate conclusively that the true average percentage differs from 5.5? State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses. O Ho: H = 5.5 Hai H 5.5 O Ho: H = 5.5 Hai HZ 5.5 O Ho: H = 5.5 H: µ + 5.5 Calculate the test statistic and determine the P-value. (Round your test statistic to two decimal places and your P-value to four decimal places.) Z = P-value State the conclusion in the problem context. Reject the null hypothesis. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the true average percentage differs from the desired percentage. Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the true average…arrow_forward
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