Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Empirical formula for talc has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Empirical formula is the one that can be determined from the molar mass of the elements that is present in the compound and the mass percentage of the elements. The mass percentage of the elements present in the compound is converted into the moles of each element considering the molar mass of each element. The relative number of moles for each type of atoms is found out finally.
(a)
Answer to Problem F.12E
Empirical formula for talc is
Explanation of Solution
The compound given is talc. The mass percentage composition of talc is given as
Number of moles of each element present in talc can be calculated using the molar mass and mass of the element as follows;
Dividing the moles of element obtained using the smallest amount, the ratio can be obtained as shown below;
The atoms are present in the compound always in whole numbers. Hence, multiplying by
Therefore, the empirical formula for talc can be given as
(b)
Interpretation:
Empirical formula for saccharin has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Refer part (a).
(b)
Answer to Problem F.12E
Empirical formula for saccharin is
Explanation of Solution
The mass percentage composition of saccharin is given as
Number of moles of each element present in the compound can be calculated using the molar mass and mass of the element as follows;
Dividing the moles of element obtained using the smallest amount, the ratio can be obtained as shown below;
The ratio of the atoms in saccharin is given as follows;
Thus in saccharin, the atoms are present in the ratio of
Therefore, the empirical formula for saccharin can be given as
(c)
Interpretation:
Empirical formula for salicylic acid has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Refer part (a).
(c)
Answer to Problem F.12E
Empirical formula for salicylic acid is
Explanation of Solution
The mass percentage composition of salicylic acid is given as
Number of moles of each element present in the compound can be calculated using the molar mass and mass of the element as follows;
Dividing the moles of element obtained using the smallest amount, the ratio can be obtained as shown below;
The ratio of the atoms in salicylic acid is given as follows;
Multiplying by three in order to make all as whole numbers, in salicylic acid, the atoms are present in the ratio of
Therefore, the empirical formula for salicylic acid can be given as
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter F Solutions
Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight
- 4.69 The pictures below show a molecular-scale view of a chemical reaction between H2 and CO to produce methanol, CH3OH. The box on the left represents the reactants at the instant of mixing, and the box on the right shows what is left once the reaction has gone to completion. Was there a limiting reactant in this reaction? If so, what was it? Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. As usual, your equation should use the smallest possible whole number coefficients for all substances.arrow_forwardThe active ingredient in Pepto-Bismo® (an over- the-counter remedy for an upset stomach) is bismuth sub-salicylate, C7H5BiO4. Analysis of a 1.7500-g sample of Pepto-Bismol yields 346 mg of bismuth. What percent by mass is bismuth subsalicylate in the sample? (Assume that there are no other bismuth-containing compounds in Pepto-Bismol.)arrow_forwardYou take 1.00 g of an aspirin tablet (a compound consisting solely of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen), burn it in air, and collect 2.20 g CO2 and 0.400 g H2O. You know that the molar mass of aspirin is between 170 and 190 g/mol. Reacting 1 mole of salicylic acid with I mole of acetic anhydride (C4H6O3) gives you 1 mole of aspirin and 1 mole of acetic acid (C2H4O2). Use this information to determine the molecular formula of salicylic acid.arrow_forward
- Many cereals are made with high moisture content so that the cereal can be formed into various shapes before it is dried. A cereal product containing 58% H2O by mass is produced at the rate of 1000. kg/h. What mass of water must be evaporated per hour if the final product contains only 20.% water?arrow_forwardThe present average concentration (mass percent) of magnesium ions in seawater is 0.13%. A chemistry textbook estimates that if 1.00 × 108 tons Mg were taken out of the sea each year, it would take one million years for the Mg concentration to drop to 0.12%. Do sufficient calculations to either verify or refute this statement. Assume that Earth is a sphere with a diameter of 8000 mi, 67% of which is covered by oceans to a depth of 1 mi, and that no Mg is washed back into the oceans at any time.arrow_forwardBacterial digestion is an economical method of sewage treatment. The reaction is an intermediate step in the conversion of the nitrogen in organic compounds into nitrate ions. What mass of bacterial tissue is produced in a treatment plant for every 1.0 104 kg of wastewater containing 3.0% NH4+ ions by mass? Assume that 95% of the ammonium ions are consumed by the bacteria.arrow_forward
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning