Thinking Like an Engineer: An Active Learning Approach (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134639673
Author: Elizabeth A. Stephan, David R. Bowman, William J. Park, Benjamin L. Sill, Matthew W. Ohland
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 15ICA
Eutrophication is a process whereby lakes, estuaries, or slow-moving streams receive excess nutrients that stimulate excessive plant growth. This enhanced plant growth, often called an algal bloom, reduces dissolved oxygen in the water when dead plant material decomposes and can cause other organisms to die. Nutrients can come from many sources, such as fertilizers; deposition of nitrogen from the atmosphere; erosion of soil containing nutrients; and sewage treatment plant discharges. Water with a low concentration of dissolved oxygen is called hypoxic. A biosystems engineering models the algae growth in a lake. The concentration of algae (C), measured in grams per milliliter (g/ml], can be calculated by
Where
Co = initial concentration of algae [?]
K= multiplication rate of the algae [?]
r= estimated nutrient supply amount [mg of nutrient per mL of sample water]
t= time [days]
- a. For the exponential model shown, list the value and units of the parameters m and b . You do not need to simplify any units. Recall that an exponential model has the form: y=bemx .
- b. What are the units on the multiplication rate of the algae (k)?
- c. If the algae are allowed to grow for 10 days with an estimated nutrient supply of 3 milligrams of nutrient per milliliter of water sample, what is the multiplication rate of the algae (k)?
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
1. Compared to gasoline, hydrogen has
(A) higher energy density per unit volume and per unit mass
(B) higher energy density per unit volume but lower energy density per unit mass
density per unit mass
(C) lower energy density per unit volume but higher energy
(D) lower energy density per unit volume and per unit mass
2. A new hydroelectric power plant proposed for the Mississippi River near St. Louis
is advertised as "delivering 438,000 megawatt-hours of renewable electricity to the
region annually". What is the average power output of the plant?
(A) 50 MW
(B) 1.2 GW
(C) 438 GW
(D) 438 MW
3. A car accelerates from 0 to 60 miles/hour in 6 seconds. What is a good estimate
of the power output of the engine?
(A) the mass of the car divided by 60 miles
(B) the chemical energy of the gasoline consumed during the acceleration
(C) the thermal energy produced by the engine during the acceleration
(D) the final kinetic energy of the car divided by 6 seconds
Problem 2.3
The following problem can be solved using the generalized conservation and accounting
principle to determine if a recycling plant is profitable annually.
Operating information:
●
●
The plant operates 9 hours each day, 5 days each week, and 48 weeks each year.
The plant purchases 30 tons of aluminum (at a rate of $0.02/lb) during each operating
week.
The plant has 5 full-time employees who are paid $18 per hour. All employees work
during all of the plant's operating hours.
The plant produces 7 bales of recycled aluminum per day, which it sells for $950 per bale.
[Note: 1 ton = 2000 lb]
Answer the following questions:
(c) In order to determine the plant's annual profitability, would one be interested in studying
the instantaneous rate of change in "stuff" (i.e. rate form) or the total change in "stuff"
over an interval (i.e. finite-time form)?
(d) On a system diagram (hint: think dashed lines!), use labeled arrows to identify each
individual input and output of "stuff".
(e)…
A scientific experiment is being conducted to investigate the effect of pressure on
the human body. The experiment is carried out in a cylindrical pool with a height
of 8 m and a base radius of 500 cm. Two immiscible liquids are poured into the
pool. 78500 L of liquid with a density of 0.8 g/cm^3 and 314*10^6 cm^3 of
liquid with a density of 600 kg/m^3 are put into the pool. A man standing
upright, 1850 mm tall, is placed at the bottom of the pool. Calculate the
difference in kPa between the pressures acting on the top of this man's head and
the tips of his feet. (Take pi number 7 = 3.14, gravitational acceleration g = 35.1
km/min^2.)
78.5
12.8
9.8
35.1
40.0
18.5
Chapter 12 Solutions
Thinking Like an Engineer: An Active Learning Approach (4th Edition)
Ch. 12.3 - Fluid A as a dynamic viscosity of 0.5 centipoise...Ch. 12.3 - Fluid A has a dynamic viscosity of 0.5 centipoise...Ch. 12.3 - Fluid A has a dynamic viscosity of 0.5 centipoise...Ch. 12.4 - You have three springs, with stiffness 1,2 and 3...Ch. 12.4 - You have three resistors with resistance 2,2, and...Ch. 12.4 - You have four 60-nanofarad [nF] capacitors. Using...Ch. 12.4 - You have three 120 millihenry [mH] inductors. Can...Ch. 12.5 - The graph shows the ideal gas law relationship...Ch. 12.5 - The preceding graph shows the ideal gas Jaw...Ch. 12.6 - The decay of a radioactive isotope was tracked...
Ch. 12 - The graph shows the ideal gas law relationship (PV...Ch. 12 - An inductor is an electrical device that can store...Ch. 12 - Solid objects, such as your desk or a rod of...Ch. 12 - Mercury has a dynamic viscosity of 1.55...Ch. 12 - SAE 99W10, a brand new type of motor oil has a...Ch. 12 - You have two springs each of stiffness 2 newton...Ch. 12 - Prob. 7ICACh. 12 - Four springs were tested, with the results shown...Ch. 12 - Four circuits were tested, with the results shown...Ch. 12 - Assume you have an unlimited number of inductors...Ch. 12 - a. The equivalent capacitance of the circuit shown...Ch. 12 - A standard guitar, whether acoustic or electric,...Ch. 12 - The vibrating frequency of a guitar string depends...Ch. 12 - Solid objects, such as your desk or a rod of...Ch. 12 - Eutrophication is a process whereby lakes,...Ch. 12 - The following graph shows the relationship between...Ch. 12 - The total quantity (mass) of a radioactive...Ch. 12 - Match the data series from the options shown on...Ch. 12 - 1. For a simple capacitor with two f lat plates,...Ch. 12 - 2. When we wish to generate hydroelectric power,...Ch. 12 - 3. When rain falls over an area for a sufficiently...Ch. 12 - You are experimenting with several liquid metal...Ch. 12 - 5. The resistance of a wire (R [ohm)) is a...Ch. 12 - 6. Use the figure shown to answer the following...Ch. 12 - 7. You are given four springs, one each of...Ch. 12 - You have three springs. You conduct several tests...Ch. 12 - 9. You are given four resistors, each of 7.5, 10,...Ch. 12 - 10. You have three resistors. You conduct several...Ch. 12 - 11. Use the diagrams shown to answer the following...Ch. 12 - 12. When a buoyant cylinder of height H, such as a...Ch. 12 - 13. It is difficult to bring the Internet to some...Ch. 12 - 14. The data shown in the following graph was...Ch. 12 - 15 A standard guitar, whether acoustic or...Ch. 12 - 16. Your supervisor has assigned you the task of...Ch. 12 - 17. One of the NAE Grand Challenges for...Ch. 12 - 18. When volunteers build a Habitat for Humanity...Ch. 12 - 1. As part of an electronic music synthesizer, you...Ch. 12 - Prob. 20RQ
Additional Engineering Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Describe the structural changes that take place when a plain-carbon eutectoid steel is slowly cooled from the a...
Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
Find the change in length of side AB.
Mechanics of Materials, 7th Edition
The solid steel shaft AC has a diameter of 25 mm and is supported by smooth bearings at D and E. It is coupled ...
Mechanics of Materials
Compute the hydraulic radius for a circular drain pipe running half full if its inside diameter is 300 mm.
Applied Fluid Mechanics (7th Edition)
23.23 A highly oxidized and uneven round bar is being turned on a lathe. Would you recommend a small or a large...
Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
6–1C A mechanic claims to have developed a car engine that runs on water instead of gasoline. What is your resp...
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, mechanical-engineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Problem 2.3 The following problem can be solved using the generalized conservation and accounting principle to determine if a recycling plant is profitable annually. Operating information: ● ● The plant operates 9 hours each day, 5 days each week, and 48 weeks each year. The plant purchases 30 tons of aluminum (at a rate of $0.02/lb) during each operating week. The plant has 5 full-time employees who are paid $18 per hour. All employees work during all of the plant's operating hours. The plant produces 7 bales of recycled aluminum per day, which it sells for $950 per bale. [Note: 1 ton = 2000 lb] Answer the following questions: (a) Identify the system (in words). (b) Identify the "stuff" you are accounting for in this analysis. (c) In order to determine the plant's annual profitability, would one be interested in studying the instantaneous rate of change in "stuff" (i.e. rate form) or the total change in "stuff" over an interval (i.e. finite-time form)? (d) On a system diagram (hint:…arrow_forwardYou witness an industrial fire in which an unknown liquid spilled in to a 8.2 feet diameter circular dike. You were told the tank holding the liquid spilled its entire content of 3,180 kg in to the dike. The fire started and burned for 30 minutes before consuming all the fuel. If the fire had a heat release rate of 50.5 MW what is the chemical heat of combustion of the fuel?arrow_forwardHeat transfer is always from higher reservoir to a lower reservoir, and not the opposite, because: Higher energy means more capability to diffuse Higher energy means capability to be constant Higher energy means atoms and molecules are in ground state Lower energy means system is in equilibrium None of the abovearrow_forward
- Moisture content dry basis (MC db) is the amount of solid per unit mass of dry solids present in the sample. (True/False) 2. 1. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can be neither created nor destroyed. (True/False) Moisture content wet basis (MC , (True/False) A system is any region prescribed in mass or a finite quality of matter enclosed by boundary, real or imaginary. (True/False) 5. 3. is the amount of water per unit mass of moist sample. 4. Pressure is the term used to express this property for liquids and solid (True/False) 6. What are the differences between the open and closed systems? Draw some examples. What are the differences between the Sensible heat and Latent Heat? Draw some examples. Write down the steps of conducting a material balance. 7. 8. 9. A batch of 5 kg of food product has a moisture content of 150% dry basis. Calculate how much water must be removed from this product to reduce its moisture content to 20% wet basis.arrow_forwardHow prevalent is hydropower throughout the world? Does it exist everywhere? Is it a luxury item?arrow_forwardHeat transfer principles of convectionarrow_forward
- In the United States, energy for household heating is generally sold using English units, e.g., therm, gal, and cord. A house in Wisconsin uses 1200 therms of thermal energy during the heating season. Calculate the cost of fuel if the furnace uses (a) natural gas with an efficiency of 70%; (b) No. 2 fuel oil, efficiency 65%; (c) kerosene, efficiency 99.9% (unvented); and (d) wood with l5% moisture with an efficiency of 50%. Use the data in Tables 2.2, 2.7, and 2.13. The efficiencies are based on the HHV. Assume the cost of natural gas is $8/MBtu, the cost of No. 2 fuel oil is $3/gal, the cost of kerosene is $3.50/gal, and the cost of wood is $100/cord. Assume the bulk density of cord wood is 30 lbm/ft3 .arrow_forward* Your answer is incorrect. A gas undergoes a process in a piston-cylinder assembly during which the pressure-specific volume relation is pv¹.2 = constant. The mass of the gas is 0.4 lb and the following data are known: p₁ = 160 lbf/in.², V₁ = 1 ft³, and p2 = 300 lbf/in.² During the process, heat transfer from the gas is 2.1 Btu. Kinetic and potential energy effects are negligible. Determine the change in specific internal energy of the gas, in Btu/lb. Δu = i | 76.53 Btu/lbarrow_forwardDrag and Drop the correct answers in the blanks. A mass mis hanging from the end of a vertical spring that has a spring constant k. The equilibrium position of the mass, yo, is The total potential energy of the mass when it is displaced by s from the equilibrium position is given by Y. is zero + U(s) = ks + positive * negative 1 1 ks+ 21 + U(s) ks² + mgyo %3D U(s) mgyoarrow_forward
- A city has a fleet of 10 gasoline cars and 5 gasoline light trucks built in 2009. The annual vehicle miles (VMT) traveled by these vehicles are 8,000 miles. How many kg of CO2e does the fleet produces in a year? Which fleet of vehicles (i.e. light truck or gasoline car) produces more CO2e and by how much? Notes: Fuel efficiency of gasoline car = 23.8 mpg Fuel efficiency of light truck = 17.4 mpg Emission factor of N2O from gasoline car = 0.020 gm/mile Emission factor of CH4 from gasoline car = 0.021 gm/mile Emission factor of N2O from light truck= 0.029 gm/mile Emission factor of CH4 from light truck = 0.025 gm/mile Emission factor of gasoline = 8.78 kg CO2/gallonarrow_forwardHow does the average velocity of pedestrians in a city vary with the population size?arrow_forward4. The discussion of electricity costs in section 8.6 stated that coal costs of $1.00 - $1.50 per million BTU are equivalent to about $24-$36 per ton, and that natural gas costs of $2.00 - $5.00 per million BTU correspond, on an equivalent energy basis, to $12-$30 per barrel of oil. Use the data on fuel properties in table 8.1 to confirm these equivalencies.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Elements Of ElectromagneticsMechanical EngineeringISBN:9780190698614Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.Publisher:Oxford University Press
Mechanics of Materials (10th Edition)Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9780134319650Author:Russell C. HibbelerPublisher:PEARSON
Thermodynamics: An Engineering ApproachMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781259822674Author:Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. BolesPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Control Systems EngineeringMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781118170519Author:Norman S. NisePublisher:WILEY
Mechanics of Materials (MindTap Course List)Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781337093347Author:Barry J. Goodno, James M. GerePublisher:Cengage Learning
Engineering Mechanics: StaticsMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781118807330Author:James L. Meriam, L. G. Kraige, J. N. BoltonPublisher:WILEY
Elements Of Electromagnetics
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Oxford University Press
Mechanics of Materials (10th Edition)
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9780134319650
Author:Russell C. Hibbeler
Publisher:PEARSON
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781259822674
Author:Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. Boles
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Control Systems Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781118170519
Author:Norman S. Nise
Publisher:WILEY
Mechanics of Materials (MindTap Course List)
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781337093347
Author:Barry J. Goodno, James M. Gere
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781118807330
Author:James L. Meriam, L. G. Kraige, J. N. Bolton
Publisher:WILEY
Introduction to Diffusion in Solids; Author: Engineering and Design Solutions;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K_1QmKJvNjc;License: Standard youtube license