(a)
Interpretation:
The Lewis structure of
Concept Introduction:
Lewis structures represent covalent bonds and describe valence electrons configuration of atoms. The covalent bonds are depicted by lines and unshared electron pairs by pairs of dots. The sequence to write Lewis structure of some molecule is given as follows:
- The central atom is identified and various other atoms are arranged around it. This central atom so chosen is often the least electronegative.
- Total valence electrons are estimated for each atoms.
- single bond is first placed between each atom pair.
- The electrons left can be allocated as unshared electron pairs or as multiple bonds around
symbol of element to satisfy the octet (or duplet) for each atom. - Add charge on overall structure in case of polytatomic cation or anion.
The formal charge on each atom in the Lewis structure can be calculated from the equation written as follows:
Here,
(a)
Explanation of Solution
Thus total valence electrons is sum of the valence electrons for each atom along with uni-positive in
Hence, 5 pairs are allocated to form Lewis structure of
The formal charge on each atom in the Lewis structure can be calculated from the equation as follows:
Substitute 5for
Substitute 6for
Hence
(b)
Interpretation:
The Lewis structure of
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(b)
Explanation of Solution
Thus total valence electrons is sum of the valence electrons on each atom in
Hence, of these five pairs two are allocated as lone pairs and three pairs are added so as to form triple bond to obtain Lewis structure of
The formal charge on each atom in the Lewis structure can be calculated from the equation written as follows:
Substitute 5for
Hence each
(c)
Interpretation:
The Lewis structure of
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(c)
Explanation of Solution
Thus total valence electron is sum of the valence electrons for each atom in
Hence, 5 pairs are allocated to form Lewis structure of
The formal charge on each atom in the Lewis structure can be calculated from the equation written as follows:
Substitute 4for
Substitute 6 for
Hence
(d)
Interpretation:
The Lewis structure of
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(d)
Explanation of Solution
Thus total valence electron is sum of the valence electrons for each atom in
Hence, 5 pairs are arranged to form Lewis structure of
The formal charge on each atom in the Lewis structure can be calculated from the equation written as follows:
Substitute 4 for
Hence each
(e)
Interpretation:
The Lewis structure of
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(e)
Explanation of Solution
Thus total valence electron is sum of the valence electrons for each atom in
Hence, 5 pairs are arranged to form Lewis structure of
The formal charge on each atom in the Lewis structure can be calculated from the equation written as follows:
Substitute 4 for
Substitute 5 for
Hence formal charge on
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight
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