Chemistry In Context
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781259638145
Author: Fahlman, Bradley D., Purvis-roberts, Kathleen, Kirk, John S., Bentley, Anne K., Daubenmire, Patrick L., ELLIS, Jamie P., Mury, Michael T., American Chemical Society
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 11Q
Assuming that the octet rule applies, draw the Lewis structure for each of these molecules.
- a. CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride, a substance formerly used as a cleaning agent)
- b. H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide, a mild disinfectant; the atoms are bonded in this order: H─O─O─H)
- c. H2S (hydrogen sulfide, a gas with the unpleasant odor of rotten eggs)
- d. N2 (nitrogen gas, the major component of the atmosphere)
- e. HCN (hydrogen cyanide, a molecule found in space and a poisonous gas)
- f. N2O (nitrous oxide, “laughing gas”; the atoms are bonded N─N─O)
- g. CS2 (carbon disulfide, used to kill rodents; the atoms are bonded S─C─S)
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
The table below includes the bond enthalpy (the energy required to separate the diatomic molecule into its atoms) and the bond length for each diatomic molecule.
Diatomic Molecule
Bond Enthalpy (kJ/mol)
Bond Length (pm)
Cl2
243
199
O2
498
121
N2
945
110
Identify the observed trend between bond enthalpy and number of shared electrons: as the number of electrons shared between two atoms increases, the bond enthalpy ( increases / decreases / remains unchanged ).
Identify the observed trend between bond length and number of shared electrons: as the number of electrons shared between two atoms increases, the bond length ( increases / decreases / remains unchanged ).
2. Identify the true statement.
a. Polar covalent compounds result from a complete transfer of at least one electron.
b. Sodium is unlikely to form a bond with lithium.
c. Covalent compounds exist in large lattices.
d. The smallest unit of an ionic compound is a molecule.
3. A piece of zinc metal is placed in an aqueous solution of magnesium sulfate. The products of this
reaction are
a. ZnMg(s) + SO4(aq)
b. Mg(s) + ZnSO4(aq)
c. MgS(s) + ZnO4(aq)
d. ZnO(s) + MgSO4(aq)
e. There will be no reaction.
4. The shape of the NC13 molecule is
a. linear
b. trigonal planar
c. tetrahedral
d. trigonal pyramidal
e. V-shaped
Imi
5. Which of the following would have the highest boiling point?
a. NH3
b. PH3
c. AsH3
d. They would all have approximately the same boiling point.
20
6. Aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and sodium sulfate are mixed. The products of the reaction are
a. Ag2SO4(aq) + 2 NaNO3(aq)
b. AgSO4(s) + Na2(NO3)2(aq)
c. Ag2SO4(s) + 2 NaNO3(aq)
d. AgSO4(aq) + Na2(NO3
e. There will be no…
Explain why CH4 is one of the most common molecules found in nature. Are the bonds between the atoms ionic or covalent? What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?
Chapter 3 Solutions
Chemistry In Context
Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.2YTCh. 3.1 - Using Equation 3.1, answer the following...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.4YTCh. 3.1 - Prob. 3.5YTCh. 3.1 - Scientific Practices Energy from the Sun Examine...Ch. 3.2 - Skill Building Wavelength, Frequency, and Energy...Ch. 3.3 - Skill Building The ABCs of Solar UV a. Arrange...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 3.9YTCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.10YTCh. 3.4 - You Decide Exposure Examine the curve shown in...
Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.12YTCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.13YTCh. 3.5 - Prob. 3.14YTCh. 3.5 - Prob. 3.15YTCh. 3.6 - Prob. 3.16YTCh. 3.7 - Draw the Lewis structure for each molecule. a. HBr...Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 3.18YTCh. 3.7 - Prob. 3.19YTCh. 3.7 - You Decide The Ozone Layer Based on the reactions...Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 3.21YTCh. 3.8 - Prob. 3.22YTCh. 3.8 - Prob. 3.23YTCh. 3.8 - Prob. 3.24YTCh. 3.9 - Prob. 3.25YTCh. 3.10 - Prob. 3.26YTCh. 3.10 - Prob. 3.27YTCh. 3.10 - Prob. 3.28YTCh. 3.10 - Prob. 3.29YTCh. 3.11 - Skill Building Particulate Classification An...Ch. 3.11 - Prob. 3.31YTCh. 3.11 - Prob. 3.32YTCh. 3.11 - Prob. 3.33YTCh. 3.11 - Scientific Practices UV Interactions with Matter...Ch. 3 - How does ozone differ from oxygen in its chemical...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2QCh. 3 - Prob. 3QCh. 3 - Prob. 4QCh. 3 - Prob. 5QCh. 3 - a. What is a Dobson unit? b. Does a reading of 320...Ch. 3 - Using the periodic table as a guide, specify the...Ch. 3 - Consider this representation of a periodic table....Ch. 3 - Give the name and symbol for the element with this...Ch. 3 - Prob. 10QCh. 3 - Assuming that the octet rule applies, draw the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 12QCh. 3 - Consider these two waves representing different...Ch. 3 - Use Figure 3.4 to specify the region of the...Ch. 3 - What determines the color of light? Describe the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 16QCh. 3 - Does all light travel at the same speed in a...Ch. 3 - Arrange these types of radiation in order of...Ch. 3 - The microwaves in home microwave ovens have a...Ch. 3 - Ultraviolet radiation is categorized as UVA, UVB,...Ch. 3 - Calculate the wavelength, in nanometers, of the...Ch. 3 - The distance from Earth to the Sun is about 1.50 ...Ch. 3 - Draw Lewis structures for any two different CFCs.Ch. 3 - Prob. 24QCh. 3 - Prob. 25QCh. 3 - Prob. 26QCh. 3 - The following free radicals all play a role in...Ch. 3 - a. How were the original measurements of increases...Ch. 3 - Prob. 29QCh. 3 - The EPA has used the slogan Ozone: Good Up High,...Ch. 3 - Nobel Laureate F. Sherwood Rowland referred to the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 32QCh. 3 - Prob. 33QCh. 3 - Prob. 34QCh. 3 - Prob. 35QCh. 3 - The average length of an OO single bond is 132 pm....Ch. 3 - Prob. 37QCh. 3 - Describe why ozone is more reactive than oxygen...Ch. 3 - Prob. 39QCh. 3 - Prob. 40QCh. 3 - Prob. 41QCh. 3 - All the reports of the damage caused by UV...Ch. 3 - Prob. 43QCh. 3 - Prob. 44QCh. 3 - Prob. 45QCh. 3 - Prob. 46QCh. 3 - Prob. 47QCh. 3 - Development of the stratospheric ozone hole has...Ch. 3 - Prob. 49QCh. 3 - Prob. 50QCh. 3 - Resonance structures can be used to explain the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 52QCh. 3 - Prob. 53QCh. 3 - Prob. 54QCh. 3 - Prob. 55QCh. 3 - Many different types of ozone generators...Ch. 3 - The effect a chemical substance has on the ozone...Ch. 3 - Cooking with an electric stove can have a negative...Ch. 3 - One mechanism that helps break down ozone in the...Ch. 3 - Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play an...Ch. 3 - Prob. 61Q
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Practice Exercise 1
Which of the following factors determines the size of an atom? a. the volume of the nucleus...
Chemistry: The Central Science (13th Edition)
How could you separate a mixture of the following compounds? The reagents available to you are water, either, 1...
Organic Chemistry
22.102 Write the structures of the cis and tram isomers, if any, for the following compounds:
Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter
Q2. Which statement best defines chemistry?
a. The science that studies solvents, drugs, and insecticides
b. Th...
Introductory Chemistry (5th Edition) (Standalone Book)
4.1 Write the symbols for the following elements.
a. copper
b. platinum
c. calcium
d. manganese
e. Iron
...
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (12th Edition) - Standalone book
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Think of forming an ionic compound as three steps (this is a simplification, as with all models): (I) removing an electron from the metal; (2) adding an electron to the nonmetal; and (3) allowing the metal cation and nonmetal anion to come together. a. What is the sign of the energy change for each of these three processes? b. In general, what is the sign of the sum of the first two processes? Use examples to support your answer. c. What must be the sign of the sum of the three process d. Given your answer to part c, why do ionic bonds occur? e. Given your above explanations, why is NaCl stable but not Na2Cl? NaCl2? What about MgO compared to MgO2? Mg2O?arrow_forwardUsing the standard enthalpy of formation data in Appendix G, calculate the bond energy of the carbon-sulfur double bond in CS2.arrow_forwardDescribe the molecular structure around the indicated atom or atoms: (a) the sulfur atom in sulfuric acid, H2SO4[(HO)2SO2] (b) the chlorine atom in chloric acid, HClO3[HOClO2] (c) the oxygen atom in hydrogen peroxide, HNO3[HONO2] (d) the nitrogen atom in nitric acid, HNO3[HONO2] (e) the oxygen atom in the OH group in nitric acid, HNO3[HONO2] (f) the central oxygen atom in the ozone molecule, O3 (g) each of the carbon atoms in propyne, CH3CCH (h) the carbon atom in Freon, CCl2F2 (i) each of the carbon atoms in aliene, H2CCH2arrow_forward
- Define the term lattice energy. Why, energetically, do ionic compounds form? Fig. 3-8 illustrates the energy changes involved in the formation of MgO(s) and NaF(s). Why is the lattice energy of MgO(s) so different from that of NaF(s)? The magnesium oxide is composed of Mg2+ and O2 ions. Energetically, why does Mg2+O2 form and not Mg+O? Why doesnt Mg3+O3 form?arrow_forwardUsing the bond energies in Table 7.2, determine the approximate enthalpy change for each of the following reactions: (a) Cl2(g)+3F2(g)2ClF3(g) (b) H2C=CH2(g)+H2(g)H3CCH3(g) (c) 2C2H6(g)+7O2(g)4CO2(g)+6H2O(g) .arrow_forwardhat does temperature measure? Are the molecules in a beaker of warm water moving at the same speed as the molecules in a beaker of cold water? Explain? What is heat? Is heat the same as temperature?arrow_forward
- Compare your answers from parts a and b of Exercise 69 with H values calculated for each reaction using standard enthalpies of formation in Appendix 4. Do enthalpy changes calculated from bond energies give a reasonable estimate of the actual values?arrow_forwardWrite all resonance structures of chlorobenzene, C6H5Cl, a molecule with the same cyclic structure as benzene. In all structures, keep the CCl bond as a single bond. Which resonance structures are the most important?arrow_forward4. Ortho-Dichlorobenzene, C6H4Cl2, is obtained when two of the adjacent hydrogen atoms in benzene are replaced with Cl atoms. A skeleton of the molecule is shown here. a. Complete a Lewis structure for the molecule using bonds and electron pairs as needed. b. Are there any resonance structures for the molecule? If so, sketch them. c. Are the resonance structures in (a) and (b) equivalent to one another as they are in benzene? H H-C H C-Harrow_forward
- 1) What do you predict the average bond length and average bond energy values for the F-F bond based on the chart below? WIll it be higher than, lower than, or the same as the other bonds shown in the chart. Justify your answer. Bond Average Bond Length (PM) Average Bond Energy (KJ/MOLE) CL-CL 199 243 Br-Br 228 193 I-I 267 151 2) Explain how a stable covalent bond is formed in terms of attractive and repulsive forces. Note: Please briefly explain, Thank you.arrow_forwardPart II: Binary Covalent Compounds Covalent compounds are produces by nonmetals bonding with one another. You can use the valence electrons for each element to determine the simplest formula that exists between two elements. For example, H has 1 valence electron and needs one more to obey the Octet Rule, so it will only make 1 bond when found in a compound. Oxygen has 6 valence electrons and needs two more to obey the Octet Rule, so it typically makes 2 bonds when found in a compound. Since hydrogen needs just one electron while oxygen needs two, the correct formula for the simplest compound would be H20. However, there are often other combinations possible in addition to the simplest formula. For example, hydrogen and oxygen can also form, H2O2, which is known as hydrogen peroxide. To work with all the possible combinations, some rules have been developed for naming binary covalent compounds. The rules are stated below: 1. The least metallic element will always end in the suffix…arrow_forwardWhich statement is NOT correct regarding the lattice energy of an ionic solid? a.Lattice energy of MgO is higher than NaCl, due to MgO's higher ionic charge and smaller ionic sizes b.As the lattice energy increases melting point increases c.It is the energy change when one mole of an ionic compound is created under standard conditions from its pure elements d.It is the energy change on formation of one mole of an ionic compound from its constituent ions in the gaseous state e.As the lattice energy increases solubility decreasesarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStaxGeneral Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
Chemistry
ISBN:9781938168390
Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
Publisher:OpenStax
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580343
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079243
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry
ISBN:9780534420123
Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Calorimetry Concept, Examples and Thermochemistry | How to Pass Chemistry; Author: Melissa Maribel;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nSh29lUGj00;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY