Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The ground-state electron configuration of the aluminum atom is to be written. Valence electrons and core electrons in aluminum are to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The arrangement of electrons in atomic orbitals is called the atom’s ‘electron configuration’. The most stable electron configuration of an element is called the ‘ground state’ configuration. Valence electrons are the electrons occupying the highest energy shell while core electrons are the electrons occupying the remaining lower energy shells of an atom.
Answer to Problem 1.40P
For aluminum, the group-state electron configuration is
Explanation of Solution
The
Aluminum has three valence electrons and ten core electrons.
(b)
Interpretation:
The ground-state electron configuration of the sulfur atom is to be written. Valence electrons and core electrons in sulfur are to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The arrangement of electrons in atomic orbitals is called the atom’s ‘electron configuration’. The most stable electron configuration of an element is called the ‘ground state’ configuration. Valence electrons are the electrons occupying the highest energy shell while core electrons are the electrons occupying the remaining lower energy shells of an atom.
Answer to Problem 1.40P
For the sulfur atom, the ground-state electron configuration is
Explanation of Solution
The atomic number of sulfur is
Sulfur has six valence electrons and ten core electrons.
(c)
Interpretation:
The ground-state electron configuration of the oxygen atom is to be written. Valence electrons and core electrons in oxygen are to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The arrangement of electrons in atomic orbitals is called the atom’s ‘electron configuration’. The most stable electron configuration of an element is called the ‘ground state’ configuration. Valence electrons are the electrons occupying the highest energy shell while core electrons are the electrons occupying the remaining lower energy shells of an atom.
Answer to Problem 1.40P
For the oxygen atom, the ground-state electron configuration is
Explanation of Solution
The atomic number of oxygen is
Oxygen has six valence electrons and two core electrons.
(d)
Interpretation:
The ground-state electron configuration of the nitrogen atom is to be written. Valence electrons and core electrons in nitrogen are to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The arrangement of electrons in atomic orbitals is called the atom’s ‘electron configuration’. The most stable electron configuration of an element is called the ‘ground state’ configuration. Valence electrons are the electrons occupying the highest energy shell while core electrons are the electrons occupying the remaining lower energy shells of an atom.
Answer to Problem 1.40P
For the nitrogen atom, the ground-state electron configuration is
Explanation of Solution
The atomic number of Nitrogen is
Nitrogen has five valence electrons and two core electrons.
(e)
Interpretation:
The ground-state electron configuration of the fluorine atom is to be written. Valence electrons and core electrons in fluorine are to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The arrangement of electrons in atomic orbitals is called the atom’s ‘electron configuration’. The most stable electron configuration of an element is called the ‘ground state’ configuration. Valence electrons are the electrons occupying the highest energy shell while core electrons are the electrons occupying the remaining lower energy shells of an atom.
Answer to Problem 1.40P
For the fluorine atom, the ground-state electron configuration is
Explanation of Solution
The atomic number of fluorine is
Fluorine has seven valence electrons and two core electrons.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
- Consider the eight most abundant elements in the human body, as outlined in Exercise 156. Excluding hydrogen, which of these elements would have the smallest size? largest size? smallest first ionization energy? largest first ionization energy?arrow_forwardUsing Fig. 2-30, list the elements (ignore the lanthanides and actinides) that have ground-state electron configurations that differ from those we would expect from their positions in the periodic table.arrow_forward(1) What is the valence electron configuration for the sodium atom? (2) What is the valence electron configuration for the boron atom?arrow_forward
- (1) What is the valence electron configuration for the arsenic atom? (2) What is the valence electron configuration for the fluorine atom?arrow_forwardGive the ground-state electron configuration for each of the following elements. After each atom is its atomic number in parentheses. (a) Boron (5) (b) Hydrogen (1)arrow_forward(1) What is the valence electron configuration for the neon atom? (2) What is the valence electron configuration for the sulfur atom?arrow_forward
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