(a) Interpretation: The energy diagram in which the three alkenes are placed on the same energy scale along with 2-methylbutane is to be drawn. Concept introduction: The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction. Similarly, the energy diagram is also drawn using the heat of formation of compounds.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.61AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The energy diagram in which the three alkenes are placed on the same energy scale along with 2-methylbutane is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Similarly, the energy diagram is also drawn using the heat of formation of compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The ranking of alkenes in decreasing order of their stability is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The heat of formation of a compound is linked to its stability. The lesser is the heat of formation of compound more stable is the compound and vice-versa. The heat of formation is widely used to explain the stability of alkenes having a different structural formula.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The energy difference between the heat of formation of alkenes is to be stated with explanation.

Concept introduction:

The heat of formation of a compound is linked to its stability. The lesser is the heat of formation of compound more stable is the compound and vice-versa. The heat of formation is widely used to explain the stability of alkenes having a different structural formula.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the stability order of the alkenes is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The stability of the structural isomers of alkenes is one of the important topics. The stability of alkenes is explained on the basis of hyperconjugation and resonance factor. The alkene having the most number of hyperconjugation structures is more stable.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.61AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The energy diagram in which the three alkenes are placed on the same energy scale along with 2-methylbutane is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Similarly, the energy diagram is also drawn using the heat of formation of compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The ranking of alkenes in decreasing order of their stability is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The heat of formation of a compound is linked to its stability. The lesser is the heat of formation of compound more stable is the compound and vice-versa. The heat of formation is widely used to explain the stability of alkenes having a different structural formula.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The energy difference between the heat of formation of alkenes is to be stated with explanation.

Concept introduction:

The heat of formation of a compound is linked to its stability. The lesser is the heat of formation of compound more stable is the compound and vice-versa. The heat of formation is widely used to explain the stability of alkenes having a different structural formula.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the stability order of the alkenes is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The stability of the structural isomers of alkenes is one of the important topics. The stability of alkenes is explained on the basis of hyperconjugation and resonance factor. The alkene having the most number of hyperconjugation structures is more stable.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.61AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The energy diagram in which the three alkenes are placed on the same energy scale along with 2-methylbutane is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Similarly, the energy diagram is also drawn using the heat of formation of compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The ranking of alkenes in decreasing order of their stability is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The heat of formation of a compound is linked to its stability. The lesser is the heat of formation of compound more stable is the compound and vice-versa. The heat of formation is widely used to explain the stability of alkenes having a different structural formula.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The energy difference between the heat of formation of alkenes is to be stated with explanation.

Concept introduction:

The heat of formation of a compound is linked to its stability. The lesser is the heat of formation of compound more stable is the compound and vice-versa. The heat of formation is widely used to explain the stability of alkenes having a different structural formula.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the stability order of the alkenes is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The stability of the structural isomers of alkenes is one of the important topics. The stability of alkenes is explained on the basis of hyperconjugation and resonance factor. The alkene having the most number of hyperconjugation structures is more stable.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.61AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The energy diagram in which the three alkenes are placed on the same energy scale along with 2-methylbutane is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Similarly, the energy diagram is also drawn using the heat of formation of compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The ranking of alkenes in decreasing order of their stability is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The heat of formation of a compound is linked to its stability. The lesser is the heat of formation of compound more stable is the compound and vice-versa. The heat of formation is widely used to explain the stability of alkenes having a different structural formula.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The energy difference between the heat of formation of alkenes is to be stated with explanation.

Concept introduction:

The heat of formation of a compound is linked to its stability. The lesser is the heat of formation of compound more stable is the compound and vice-versa. The heat of formation is widely used to explain the stability of alkenes having a different structural formula.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the stability order of the alkenes is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The stability of the structural isomers of alkenes is one of the important topics. The stability of alkenes is explained on the basis of hyperconjugation and resonance factor. The alkene having the most number of hyperconjugation structures is more stable.

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Answer 5

Chapter 4, Problem 4.61AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The energy diagram in which the three alkenes are placed on the same energy scale along with 2-methylbutane is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Similarly, the energy diagram is also drawn using the heat of formation of compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The ranking of alkenes in decreasing order of their stability is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The heat of formation of a compound is linked to its stability. The lesser is the heat of formation of compound more stable is the compound and vice-versa. The heat of formation is widely used to explain the stability of alkenes having a different structural formula.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The energy difference between the heat of formation of alkenes is to be stated with explanation.

Concept introduction:

The heat of formation of a compound is linked to its stability. The lesser is the heat of formation of compound more stable is the compound and vice-versa. The heat of formation is widely used to explain the stability of alkenes having a different structural formula.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the stability order of the alkenes is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The stability of the structural isomers of alkenes is one of the important topics. The stability of alkenes is explained on the basis of hyperconjugation and resonance factor. The alkene having the most number of hyperconjugation structures is more stable.

Answer 6

Chapter 4, Problem 4.61AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The energy diagram in which the three alkenes are placed on the same energy scale along with 2-methylbutane is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Similarly, the energy diagram is also drawn using the heat of formation of compounds.

Answer 7

Chapter 4, Problem 4.61AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The energy diagram in which the three alkenes are placed on the same energy scale along with 2-methylbutane is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Similarly, the energy diagram is also drawn using the heat of formation of compounds.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The ranking of alkenes in decreasing order of their stability is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The heat of formation of a compound is linked to its stability. The lesser is the heat of formation of compound more stable is the compound and vice-versa. The heat of formation is widely used to explain the stability of alkenes having a different structural formula.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The ranking of alkenes in decreasing order of their stability is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The heat of formation of a compound is linked to its stability. The lesser is the heat of formation of compound more stable is the compound and vice-versa. The heat of formation is widely used to explain the stability of alkenes having a different structural formula.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The energy difference between the heat of formation of alkenes is to be stated with explanation.

Concept introduction:

The heat of formation of a compound is linked to its stability. The lesser is the heat of formation of compound more stable is the compound and vice-versa. The heat of formation is widely used to explain the stability of alkenes having a different structural formula.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The energy difference between the heat of formation of alkenes is to be stated with explanation.

Concept introduction:

The heat of formation of a compound is linked to its stability. The lesser is the heat of formation of compound more stable is the compound and vice-versa. The heat of formation is widely used to explain the stability of alkenes having a different structural formula.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the stability order of the alkenes is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The stability of the structural isomers of alkenes is one of the important topics. The stability of alkenes is explained on the basis of hyperconjugation and resonance factor. The alkene having the most number of hyperconjugation structures is more stable.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the stability order of the alkenes is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The stability of the structural isomers of alkenes is one of the important topics. The stability of alkenes is explained on the basis of hyperconjugation and resonance factor. The alkene having the most number of hyperconjugation structures is more stable.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.1P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.2P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.3P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.4P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.5P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.6P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.7P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.8P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.9P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains how the energy diagram of three alkenes is drawn using the heat of hydrogenation of the reaction.

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