(a) Interpretation: The electrophilic group for the given reaction is to be identified. Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron rich chemical species that contains negative charge or lone pair of electrons are known as a nucleophile. In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, nucleophile takes the position of leaving group by attacking the electron deficient carbon atom.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The electrophilic group for the given reaction is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron rich chemical species that contains negative charge or lone pair of electrons are known as a nucleophile. In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, nucleophile takes the position of leaving group by attacking the electron deficient carbon atom.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 5.1P

In the given reaction, iodine cation is behaving as an electrophile.

Explanation of Solution

In acid catalyzed hydration reaction, nucleophile goes to the more substituted carbon of the alkene, whereas in electrophile reaction, the addition of electrophile is at less substituted carbon of the alkene.

In the given reaction, addition of electrophile over carbon-carbon double bond takes place. This will result in the formation of intermediate that is carbocation. Thus, the addition of electrophile is at less substituted carbon of the alkene to give the desired product as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

In this case, azide ion is behaving as a nucleophile, whereas iodine cation is behaving as an electrophile.

Conclusion

In the given reaction, iodine cation is behaving as an electrophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The product formed by the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron rich chemical species that contains negative charge or lone pair of electrons are known as a nucleophile. In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, nucleophile takes the position of leaving group by attacking the electron deficient carbon atom.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 5.1P

The product formed by the given reaction is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P , additional homework tip 2

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is,

Figure 2

The electronegativity of bromine is higher than iodine, thus due to which in iodine bromide iodine will act as an electrophile, whereas bromide ion will act as a nucleophile. The given reaction will follow Markovnikov’s rule to form the desired product as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 3

Conclusion

The product formed by the given reaction is shown in Figure 3.

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Students have asked these similar questions

Draw the organic product formed when the following compounds undergo a substitution reaction: (a) acetic acid and 1-hexanol; (b) propanoic acid and dimethyl-amine; (c) ethanoic acid and diethylamine.

Draw the organic product formed when the following compounds undergo a substitution reaction: (a) acetic acid and methyl-amine; (b) butanoic acid and 2-propanol; (c) Formica acid and 2-methyl-1-propanol.

Name and draw a structural formula for the major product of each alkene addition reaction: CH S (a) CH₂C=CH₂ + HI →→→→ (b) CH 3 + HCl

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The electrophilic group for the given reaction is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron rich chemical species that contains negative charge or lone pair of electrons are known as a nucleophile. In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, nucleophile takes the position of leaving group by attacking the electron deficient carbon atom.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 5.1P

In the given reaction, iodine cation is behaving as an electrophile.

Explanation of Solution

In acid catalyzed hydration reaction, nucleophile goes to the more substituted carbon of the alkene, whereas in electrophile reaction, the addition of electrophile is at less substituted carbon of the alkene.

In the given reaction, addition of electrophile over carbon-carbon double bond takes place. This will result in the formation of intermediate that is carbocation. Thus, the addition of electrophile is at less substituted carbon of the alkene to give the desired product as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

In this case, azide ion is behaving as a nucleophile, whereas iodine cation is behaving as an electrophile.

Conclusion

In the given reaction, iodine cation is behaving as an electrophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The product formed by the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron rich chemical species that contains negative charge or lone pair of electrons are known as a nucleophile. In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, nucleophile takes the position of leaving group by attacking the electron deficient carbon atom.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 5.1P

The product formed by the given reaction is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P , additional homework tip 2

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is,

Figure 2

The electronegativity of bromine is higher than iodine, thus due to which in iodine bromide iodine will act as an electrophile, whereas bromide ion will act as a nucleophile. The given reaction will follow Markovnikov’s rule to form the desired product as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 3

Conclusion

The product formed by the given reaction is shown in Figure 3.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The electrophilic group for the given reaction is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron rich chemical species that contains negative charge or lone pair of electrons are known as a nucleophile. In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, nucleophile takes the position of leaving group by attacking the electron deficient carbon atom.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 5.1P

In the given reaction, iodine cation is behaving as an electrophile.

Explanation of Solution

In acid catalyzed hydration reaction, nucleophile goes to the more substituted carbon of the alkene, whereas in electrophile reaction, the addition of electrophile is at less substituted carbon of the alkene.

In the given reaction, addition of electrophile over carbon-carbon double bond takes place. This will result in the formation of intermediate that is carbocation. Thus, the addition of electrophile is at less substituted carbon of the alkene to give the desired product as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

In this case, azide ion is behaving as a nucleophile, whereas iodine cation is behaving as an electrophile.

Conclusion

In the given reaction, iodine cation is behaving as an electrophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The product formed by the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron rich chemical species that contains negative charge or lone pair of electrons are known as a nucleophile. In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, nucleophile takes the position of leaving group by attacking the electron deficient carbon atom.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 5.1P

The product formed by the given reaction is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P , additional homework tip 2

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is,

Figure 2

The electronegativity of bromine is higher than iodine, thus due to which in iodine bromide iodine will act as an electrophile, whereas bromide ion will act as a nucleophile. The given reaction will follow Markovnikov’s rule to form the desired product as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 3

Conclusion

The product formed by the given reaction is shown in Figure 3.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The electrophilic group for the given reaction is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron rich chemical species that contains negative charge or lone pair of electrons are known as a nucleophile. In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, nucleophile takes the position of leaving group by attacking the electron deficient carbon atom.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 5.1P

In the given reaction, iodine cation is behaving as an electrophile.

Explanation of Solution

In acid catalyzed hydration reaction, nucleophile goes to the more substituted carbon of the alkene, whereas in electrophile reaction, the addition of electrophile is at less substituted carbon of the alkene.

In the given reaction, addition of electrophile over carbon-carbon double bond takes place. This will result in the formation of intermediate that is carbocation. Thus, the addition of electrophile is at less substituted carbon of the alkene to give the desired product as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

In this case, azide ion is behaving as a nucleophile, whereas iodine cation is behaving as an electrophile.

Conclusion

In the given reaction, iodine cation is behaving as an electrophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The product formed by the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron rich chemical species that contains negative charge or lone pair of electrons are known as a nucleophile. In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, nucleophile takes the position of leaving group by attacking the electron deficient carbon atom.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 5.1P

The product formed by the given reaction is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P , additional homework tip 2

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is,

Figure 2

The electronegativity of bromine is higher than iodine, thus due to which in iodine bromide iodine will act as an electrophile, whereas bromide ion will act as a nucleophile. The given reaction will follow Markovnikov’s rule to form the desired product as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 3

Conclusion

The product formed by the given reaction is shown in Figure 3.

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Answer 5

Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The electrophilic group for the given reaction is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron rich chemical species that contains negative charge or lone pair of electrons are known as a nucleophile. In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, nucleophile takes the position of leaving group by attacking the electron deficient carbon atom.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 5.1P

In the given reaction, iodine cation is behaving as an electrophile.

Explanation of Solution

In acid catalyzed hydration reaction, nucleophile goes to the more substituted carbon of the alkene, whereas in electrophile reaction, the addition of electrophile is at less substituted carbon of the alkene.

In the given reaction, addition of electrophile over carbon-carbon double bond takes place. This will result in the formation of intermediate that is carbocation. Thus, the addition of electrophile is at less substituted carbon of the alkene to give the desired product as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

In this case, azide ion is behaving as a nucleophile, whereas iodine cation is behaving as an electrophile.

Conclusion

In the given reaction, iodine cation is behaving as an electrophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The product formed by the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron rich chemical species that contains negative charge or lone pair of electrons are known as a nucleophile. In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, nucleophile takes the position of leaving group by attacking the electron deficient carbon atom.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 5.1P

The product formed by the given reaction is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P , additional homework tip 2

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is,

Figure 2

The electronegativity of bromine is higher than iodine, thus due to which in iodine bromide iodine will act as an electrophile, whereas bromide ion will act as a nucleophile. The given reaction will follow Markovnikov’s rule to form the desired product as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 3

Conclusion

The product formed by the given reaction is shown in Figure 3.

Answer 6

Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The electrophilic group for the given reaction is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron rich chemical species that contains negative charge or lone pair of electrons are known as a nucleophile. In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, nucleophile takes the position of leaving group by attacking the electron deficient carbon atom.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 5.1P

In the given reaction, iodine cation is behaving as an electrophile.

Explanation of Solution

In acid catalyzed hydration reaction, nucleophile goes to the more substituted carbon of the alkene, whereas in electrophile reaction, the addition of electrophile is at less substituted carbon of the alkene.

In the given reaction, addition of electrophile over carbon-carbon double bond takes place. This will result in the formation of intermediate that is carbocation. Thus, the addition of electrophile is at less substituted carbon of the alkene to give the desired product as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

In this case, azide ion is behaving as a nucleophile, whereas iodine cation is behaving as an electrophile.

Conclusion

In the given reaction, iodine cation is behaving as an electrophile.

Answer 7

Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The electrophilic group for the given reaction is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron rich chemical species that contains negative charge or lone pair of electrons are known as a nucleophile. In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, nucleophile takes the position of leaving group by attacking the electron deficient carbon atom.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 5.1P

In the given reaction, iodine cation is behaving as an electrophile.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

In acid catalyzed hydration reaction, nucleophile goes to the more substituted carbon of the alkene, whereas in electrophile reaction, the addition of electrophile is at less substituted carbon of the alkene.

In the given reaction, addition of electrophile over carbon-carbon double bond takes place. This will result in the formation of intermediate that is carbocation. Thus, the addition of electrophile is at less substituted carbon of the alkene to give the desired product as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

In this case, azide ion is behaving as a nucleophile, whereas iodine cation is behaving as an electrophile.

Answer 13

Conclusion

In the given reaction, iodine cation is behaving as an electrophile.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The product formed by the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron rich chemical species that contains negative charge or lone pair of electrons are known as a nucleophile. In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, nucleophile takes the position of leaving group by attacking the electron deficient carbon atom.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 5.1P

The product formed by the given reaction is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P , additional homework tip 2

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is,

Figure 2

The electronegativity of bromine is higher than iodine, thus due to which in iodine bromide iodine will act as an electrophile, whereas bromide ion will act as a nucleophile. The given reaction will follow Markovnikov’s rule to form the desired product as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 3

Conclusion

The product formed by the given reaction is shown in Figure 3.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The product formed by the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron rich chemical species that contains negative charge or lone pair of electrons are known as a nucleophile. In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, nucleophile takes the position of leaving group by attacking the electron deficient carbon atom.

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 5.1P

The product formed by the given reaction is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P , additional homework tip 2

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Expert Solution

Answer 20

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is,

Figure 2

The electronegativity of bromine is higher than iodine, thus due to which in iodine bromide iodine will act as an electrophile, whereas bromide ion will act as a nucleophile. The given reaction will follow Markovnikov’s rule to form the desired product as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 3

Answer 21

Conclusion

The product formed by the given reaction is shown in Figure 3.

Answer 22

Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.1P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.2P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.3P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.4P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.5P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.6P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.7P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.8P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.9P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.10P

Concept explainers

Answer to Problem 5.1P

Explanation of Solution

Answer to Problem 5.1P

Explanation of Solution

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Chapter 5 Solutions