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Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
- 1.2 The weight of the insulation in a spacecraft may be more important than the space required. Show analytically that the lightest insulation for a plane wall with a specified thermal resistance is the insulation that has the smallest product of density times thermal conductivity.arrow_forward1.4 To measure thermal conductivity, two similar 1-cm-thick specimens are placed in the apparatus shown in the accompanying sketch. Electric current is supplied to the guard heater, and a wattmeter shows that the power dissipation is 10 W. Thermocouples attached to the warmer and to the cooler surfaces show temperatures of 322 and 300 K, respectively. Calculate the thermal conductivity of the material at the mean temperature in W/m K. Problem 1.4arrow_forwardUsing Table 1.4 as a guide, prepare a similar table showing the orders of magnitude of the thermal resistances of a unit area for convection between a surface and various fluids.arrow_forward
- 1.10 A heat flux meter at the outer (cold) wall of a concrete building indicates that the heat loss through a wall of 10-cm thickness is . If a thermocouple at the inner surface of the wall indicates a temperature of 22°C while another at the outer surface shows 6°C, calculate the thermal conductivity of the concrete and compare your result with the value in Appendix 2, Table 11.arrow_forward1.1 On a cold winter day, the outer surface of a 0.2-m-thick concrete wall of a warehouse is exposed to temperature of –5°C, while the inner surface is kept at 20°C. The thermal conductivity of the concrete is 1.2 W/m K. Determine the heat loss through the wall, which is 10-m long and 3-m high. Problem 1.1arrow_forwardAs a designer working for a major electric appliance manufacturer, you are required to estimate the amount of fiberglass insulation packing (k = 0.035 W/m K) that is needed for a kitchen oven shown in the figure below. The fiberglass layer is to be sandwiched between a 2-mm-thick aluminum cladding plate on the outside and a 5-mm-thick stainless steel plate on the inside that forms the core of the oven. The insulation thickness is such that the outside cladding temperature does not exceed 40C when the temperature at the inside surface of the oven is 300C. Also, the air temperature in the kitchen varies from 15Cto33C, and the average heat transfer coefficient between the outer surface of the oven and air is estimated to be 12.0W/m2K. Determine the thickness of the fiberglass insulation that is required for these conditions. What would be the outer surface temperature when the inside surface of the oven is at 475C?arrow_forward
- The ceiling area of 100 square meters consists of four materials. The thermal insulation value of these materials from top to bottom is 1, 50, 0.6 and 0.45 square meters per watt per degree, respectively. If the outside temperature is O degrees and the internal temperature is 25 degrees, what is the speed Heat transfer through the wall?arrow_forwardA furnace wall is constructed of a firebrick that is 6 inches thick. The temperature of the inside of the wall is 1300°F, and the temperature of the outside of the wall is 175°F. If the mean thermal conductivity under these conditions is 0.17 BTU/hr-ft-°F. What is the rate of heat loss through 10 square feet of wall surface?arrow_forwardQuestion 1: A glass window of width W = 1 m and height H = 2 m is 5 mm thick and has a thermal conductivity of kg =1.4 W/m.K. If the inner and outer surface temperatures of the glass are 15 oC and -20 oC, respectively, on a cold winter day, what is the rate of heat loss through the glass? To reduce heat loss through windows, it is customary to use a double pane construction in which adjoining panes are separated by an air space. If the spacing is 10 mm and the glass surfaces in contact with the air have temperatures of 20 oC and -15 oC, what is the rate of heat loss from a 1 m x 2 m window? The thermal conductivity of air is ka = 0.024 W/m.K.arrow_forward
- Electrical current flows through a cylindrical cable with a diameter of d = 4 mm generating thermal energy at a uniform rate of 1.6x107 W/m3. There is an insulation of t = 3 mm thickness with a conductivity of 0.2 W/mK. The system is exposed to convection as shown in the figure. Be careful, the outer diameter of the system with insulation becomes d + 2t. Calculate the surface temperature, Ts of the cable in °C. Round your answer to the nearest integer value and write only the numerical value in the provided box, not the units.arrow_forwardA gas filled tube has 2 mm inside diameter and 25 cm length. The gas is heated by an electrical wire of diameter 50 microns (o.05 mm) located along the axis of the tube. Current and voltage drop across the heating element are 0.5A and 4 volts, respectively. If the measured wire and inside tube wall temps are 175C and 150C respectively, find the thermal conductivity of the gas filling the tube.arrow_forwardThe window in my office is 2 metres by 3 metres. Assuming all other walls are well insulated and that heat loss only occurs through the window, calculate what size of heater I need in my office to maintain the temperature, if the inside surface of the glass is at 11 °C and the outside surface at 6 °C. Sketch the temperature profile through the glass. Data: Thickness of glass = 4 mm Thermal conductivity of glass 0.78 W/m K.arrow_forward
- Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305387102Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.Publisher:Cengage Learning